One key way a gap year tends to improve students college performance, proponents argue, is by allowing them to depressurize after some 12 years of hitting the books and taking tests.
Karl Haigler and Rae Nelson, the husband and wife who wrote The Gap Year Advantage, say they interviewed 280 gappers for their upcoming book, Gap Year, American Style, and found that 90 percent of them did go on to college.
Grose, Thomas K. "The Lure of the Gap Year." US News. U.S.News & World Report, 16 Aug. 2010. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.
Students who do not work rely on their parents for money, especially if they want to travel.Many parents should expect to pay around $15,000 to $20,000 to cover a student's gap year.
Grose, Thomas K. "The Lure of the Gap Year." US News. U.S.News & World Report, 16 Aug. 2010. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.
Students who fail to develop important habits, tend to lose focus easier and fall out of the academic routine.
Purnell, Hannah. "The Gap Year." The Gap YearWeighing the Pros and Cons of Taking Time off Before College. CollegeView, n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.
I think the statistics you're using will give your essay credibility. If you find something written by a student who took a gap year themselves and went on to be successful, you should include it in your evidence.
I agree with the suggestion Melissa gave you, it would make the essay more compelling. You could also look up statistics comparing the percentage of people that graduate when directly going to college versus the gap group.
Good Job with having two people to prove your argument, just research them and see who else they have interview and the statistics they might have on people who have also been apart of the Gap Year.
"Since its passage in 1972, Title IX has been the main catalyst behind secondary school and college athletics programs creating more athletic opportunities for females. Title IX requires institutions receiving federal funding to provide equitable resources and opportunities for women in a nondiscriminatory way."
HOLDSWORTH, JANET M., and JANET M. HOLDSWORTH. "Title IX." Encyclopedia of Education. Ed. James W. Guthrie. 2nd ed. Vol. 7. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2002. 2569-2573. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013
By threatening schools with the loss of federal funds if they do not offer equal athletic opportunities to both sexes, Title IX has generated explosive growth in the number of women participating in competitive sports, including an 847% rise at the high school level.
Mervis, Jeffrey. "Can equality in sports be repeated in the lab? A 30-year-old federal education law caused participation in sports by women to skyrocket. Can it do the same thing for science? (Women In Science)." Science 298.5592 (2002): 356. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
Title IX ensures equality for our young people in every aspect of their education. It's a springboard for success: it's thanks in part to legislation like Title IX that more women graduate from college prepared to work in a much broader range of fields, including engineering and technology.
Obama, Barack. "Entitled to a Fair Shot." Newsweek 9 July 2012: 10. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
In a nation study conducted in 2008, it was shown that 98.8% of NCCA schools offered women's basketball, 95.7% offered women's volleyball, and 92% offered women's soccer.
"The Percentage of NCAA Schools Offering the Most Popular Women's Sports." Girls and Sports. Ed. Karen Miller. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010. Opposing Viewpoints. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
During its 2002 session the Human Rights Council, in Resolution 2002/77 , asked countries with the death penalty "to ensure that ... the death penalty is not imposed for non-violent acts such as financial crimes, non-violent religious practice or expression of conscience and sexual relations between consenting adults. "Capital Punishment around the World." Capital Punishment: Cruel and Unusual?. Kim Masters Evans. 2008 ed. Detroit: Gale, 2008. Information Plus Reference Series. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
Support for the death penalty generally remains high among voters--and may have even intensified over the past two decades. A 2011 Gallup poll found that only 27 percent of Americans think that executions are immoral--down from 41 percent in 1991. According to the Pew Research Center, the death penalty is endorsed by 77 percent of white evangelicals, 73 percent of white mainliners, 40 percent of black Protestants and 59 percent of Roman Catholics. DeConto, Jesse James. "Motion to repeal: against the death penalty." The Christian Century 130.2 (2013): 12+. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
The total cost to build a maximum-security prison cell is $63,000, which breaks down to approximately $5,000 a year in principal and interest. The annual cost to maintain an inmate in this cell is approximately $20,000 a year. Together, these costs mean an annual expenditure of $25,000 to incarcerate an inmate. Based on a sentence term of 40 to 45 years, one inmate would cost the taxpayer only slightly more than $1 million—less than a third of what it would take to pay for the process that culminates in execution. "Capital Punishment." West's Encyclopedia of American Law. Ed. Shirelle Phelps and Jeffrey Lehman. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2005. 237-242. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
After the Supreme Court reinstated capital punishment in 1976, the execution rate reached a peak of 98 executions in 1999. Since then, the trend has been downward--attributed in part to some high-profile cases in which death row inmates have been found innocent after DNA testing. "Use of death penalty grows rarer in U.S." The Christian Century 130.2 (2013): 16.Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
Great statistics Roxy! I don't know if you already included this in your previous research but I think a personal experience from someone who was innocently killed because of the death penatly would increase your pathos.
Nice use of statistics Roxy! I think this will really adds credibility to your essay. If you are arguing against the death penalty, then you should add another statistic similar to that of your last point so that the message you are trying to make can be even more emphasized.
Do vidoe games have a negative effect on shildren?
1)Gentile states, "Similar to earlier studies about television, the data about children's video game habits are correlated with risk factors for health and with poorer academic performance. When video game play is analyzed for violent content, additional risk factors are observed for aggressive behavior and desensitization to violence." He continues, however, "Video games are natural teachers. Children find them highly motivating by virtue of their interactive nature. Children are actively engaged with them, they provide repeated practice and they include rewards for skillful play. These facts make it likely that video games could have large effects."
Video Games." Current Issues: Macmillan Social Science Library. Detroit: Gale, 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013
2)These possibilities now have some additional scientific backing as new studies conducted over the past decade show that using video games may increase a student's performance. A study focusing specifically on cognitive learning and elementary students compared computer-assisted instruction and computer-based video-game playing. The study, conducted by Tsung-Yen Chuang and Wei-Fan Chen and published in the April 2009 edition of Educational Technology & Society, showed that computer-based video games may play an important role in education. In a portion of the study, they compared third-graders' test scores when taught with computer-assisted instruction versus computer-based video games. They conclude, "…playing computer-based video games was determined to be more effective in facilitating third-graders' average learning outcome than text-based computer-assisted instruction." The authors of the study also point out that more research needs to be done and that games to enhance learning need to be thoughtfully created. Video Games." Current Issues: Macmillan Social Science Library. Detroit: Gale, 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013
3)Craig A. Anderson writing in the Psychological Science Agenda, a publication of the American Psychiatric Association, in 2003 feels there is sufficient evidence to conclude that video games increase violent behavior. He writes, "Some studies have yielded nonsignificant video game effects, just as some smoking studies failed to find a significant link to lung cancer. But when one combines all relevant empirical studies using meta-analytic techniques, five separate effects emerge with considerable consistency." He continues that violence in video games is "significantly associated with: increased aggressive behavior, thoughts, and affect; increased physiological arousal; and decreased prosocial (helping) behavior."
4)Academic achievement may be negatively related to over-all time spent playing video games. Studies have shown that the more time a kid spends playing video games, the poorer is his performance in school. (Anderson & Dill, 2000; Gentile, Lynch & Walsh, 2004). A study by Argosy University's Minnesota School on Professional Psychology found that video game addicts argue a lot with their teachers, fight a lot with their friends, and score lower grades than others who play video games less often. Other studies show that many game players routinely skip their homework to play games, and many students admitted that their video game habits are often responsible for poor school grades. •Video games may also have bad effects on some children’s health, including obesity, video-induced seizures. and postural, muscular and skeletal disorders, such as tendonitis, nerve compression, carpal tunnel syndrome. "Raise Smart Kid." Raise Smart Kid. 05 Feb. 2013 .
You should add statistics to demonstrate to the audience how video games have a negative effect on children. It would give more credibility to your essay.
I agree with Nirvana. I think you can look up the year a specific video such as Modern Warfare was released, and how that affected teenagers who played it.
DON'T USE MODERN WARFARE TOO MUCH! lol I'm fully aware that it's (currently) one of the world's most popular franchise out now, but it certainly isn't going to reflect the video game industry. If you focus too much on War Games, you'll loose the credibility of any true gamer. Try varying your games. Look up information for Mortal Kombat, which sparked the censorship in video games craze. Or games like Doom, which popularized the shooting/ horror genre.
The video i sent you is EXTREMELY one-sided, but it might give you ideas of opposing arguments.
Thanks Ivan this is very useful because I don't want my argument to just be centered on violence since the effect of a video game has to do a lot with the individual. For example it can be argued that playing video games increases the chance of obesity becuse of the many hours spent playin, but its hard to find stats for my topic because most of the studies done can't actually be quatified. Thanks for the video!
Legalizing the growth of industrial hemp Opponents -“Requirements for extremely low THC levels in hemp may also lead to the monopolization of the seed market by federally-sanctioned producers, as is the case in France. Another uncertainty is whether farmers will suffer confiscation of the resulting crop or prosecution if the plant shows THC levels higher than the 0.3 percent that is likely to be adopted. Welcome to the brave new world of hemp growing.” Kane, Mari. "GROWING PAINS." E Sept. 1999: 36. General OneFile. Web. 5 Feb. 2013. http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA55909767&v=2.1&u=inglewood&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w
-Sweetser also spoke up for the concerns of law-enforcement officials. She said they had expressed concern to her that in aerial surveillance it's difficult to tell the difference between industrial and the stronger stuff. -The Drug Enforcement Administration, or DEA, isn't buying that one. "The hemp plant is the marijuana plant;' says Dana Seely, a spokeswoman. "If you're doing aerial surveillance, there would be no way to ten." She also tells Insight that the DEA is concerned that industrial hemp will "end up in the illicit market." Elvin, John. "Green Mountain State says go smoke a rope." Insight on the News 3 June 1996: 16+. General OneFile. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA18351567&v=2.1&u=inglewood&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w
Proponents -"Cotton uses 50 per cent of the world's pesticides. Hemp doesn't need chemicals to grow. It's the strongest fiber known to man.” -"Hemp will grow in three months and use 95 per cent of the plant -- trees take 10 years to reach usable maturity” -“As a fabric, hemp is softer, warmer, more absorbent, more breathable and longer lasting than cotton” Broadfoot, Sarah. "Hemp hoopla: hemp has been used for thousands of years, for everything from clothing to construction." What Magazine June 2000: 15. General OneFile. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA30586292&v=2.1&u=inglewood&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w
-Just thought this was an interesting fact: “It has long fibres and even when cut up it is much stronger. Hemp also lasts longer; the US Declaration of Independence was drafted on hemp paper,' explains Adam Eidinger, commercial director at US lobbyist Vote Hemp.”
-“Hemp has been a popular fibre because it grows quickly. It produces 250% more fibre than cotton. The industry in the UK is currently based on short-fibre varieties”
Technology Report: Paper - The miracle crop." Print Week 5 June 2008: 33. Communications and Mass Media Collection. Web. 5 Feb. 2013. http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA179722341&v=2.1&u=inglewood&it=r&p=PPCM&sw=w
I really like how your research demonstrates the social and environmental perspectives. Consider adding the economical conseuences, would it benefit the economy or hinder it? what do farmers think of the issue?
Yes. I agree with Estefani. The fact that you have information that demonstrates the environmental perspectives makes me more interested in what you have to say about this topic.
1."Younger Americans die earlier and live in poorer health than their counterparts in other developed countries, with far higher rates of deathfrom guns, car accidents and drug addiction, according to a new analysis of health and longevity in the United States."
2.Car accidents, gun violence and drug overdoses were major contributors to years of life lost by Americans before age 50.
3. The rate of firearm homicides was 20 times higher in the United States than in the other countries, according to the report, which cited a 2011 study of 23 countries. And though suicide rates were lower in the United States, firearm suicide rates were six times higher.
4. Sixty-nine percent of all American homicide deaths in 2007 involved firearms, compared with an average of 26 percent in other countries, the study said. ''The bottom line is that we are not preventing damaging health behaviors,'' said Samuel Preston, a demographer and sociologist at the University of Pennsylvania, who was on the panel. ''You can blame that on public health officials, or on the health care system. No one understands where responsibility lies.''
Tavernise, Sabrina. "For Americans under 50, stark findings on health." New York Times 10 Jan. 2013: A3(L). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 4 Feb. 2013.
Good use of statistics Nirvana. I think you should use one or some of the recent incidents regarding firarms(maybe the Aurora shooting or Sandy Hook). I think that could add some pathos as well as ethos.
I agree with Anel about recent events that have to deal with firearms. Also, I'm a bit confused with your first evidence. I feel like it's taking the focus away from your topic just slightly.
“Male characters are just as sexually and physically objectified in video games as female characters. They’re built like Greek statues and chiseled to the core dripping with sweat, blood and dirt wielding a gun with muscles budging in skin tight t-shirts. Boys portrayed as the tough killing machine. Tell me that it’s not in some way objectifying a male character’s masculinity.” -KiteTales
“It is an industry-wide embarrassment that for far too long has been devoid of strong, non-sexualized and real female characters. Outside of Samus and possibly Lara Croft, there have been no prominent female icons in gaming. On top of that, the majority of female characters portrayed in video games fit into a minute number of stereotypes (damsel in distress, "whore," etc.) and are almost always portrayed as objects to be desired.” –Senator Yee
Definitions 1) Misogynist: A person who hates, mistrusts or mistreats women 2) Sexism: Attitudes or behavior based on tradition and stereotypes of gender roles
I think you would need a stronger argument for proposing, since males are typically seen as strong anyway. But if that's your stance then your arguments are okay.
You have a good point... o____o I think what I'm trying to get at is that most games tend to be idealistic in the way they portray their characters. It's easier to look up to a hunky bad ass than a chubby kid, you know? It's how industry works, unfortunately.
I agree with amanda stronger pro because the opposing argument is going in and you need something that will beat that opposing argument. If your going for pro
1. Against: "Decades of research have failed to identify reliable differences in the way male and female brains process, store, or retrieve information. For example, the popular idea that “boys are visual learners” and “girls are auditory learners” is simply untrue. Learning is best accomplished when the delivery method matches the subject matter. It is the quality of teachers’ training, lessons, and classroom management practices — and not gender of their students — that determines how much learning occurs in their classrooms."
2. "Placing children into classrooms based on their gender and — and making assumptions about their physiology, brains, interests, and learning ability — will virtually guarantee that teachers’ expectations are biased and their gender-based practices are misguided for most of their students."
Strauss, Valerie. "The Case Against Single-Sex Schooling." The Washington Post. N.p., 03 June 2012. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.
3. For: Test score statistics on the FCAT (Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test) in 2008= boys in coed classes: 37% scored proficient girls in coed classes: 59% scored proficient girls in single-sex classes: 75% scored proficient boys in single-sex classes: 86% scored proficient.
"these students were all learning the same curriculum in the same school."
4. "England, July 2002: The National Foundation for Educational Research was commissioned to study the effect of school size and school type (single-sex vs. coed) on academic performance. The Foundation studied 2,954 high schools throughout England, where single-sex public high schools are widely available. They released their report on July 8 2002. They found: Even after controlling for students' academic ability and other background factors, both girls and boys did significantly better in single-sex schools than in coed schools."
"NASSPE: Research Single-Sex vs. Coed: The Evidence." NASSPE. N.p., 2011. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.
I think your arguments are very strong. I see some statistics in there; it all looks pretty good. I'm not sure if you did this in your previous research but include first-hand evidence from maybe a teacher at school. She will have credibility and will have more perspective and opinions about it.
I agree with Clarissa you have strong evidence for both sides. The statistics help bring more credibility to the opponent side. However, you also have strong opinion based evidence for the proponent. If you were to combine both statistic and evidence it will strengthen your argument even more.
(1)"According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, more than 25,000 lives have been saved since states began setting the legal drinking age to 21. That statistic is just one piece of overwhelming research that proves the lifesaving benefits of laws that establish the minimum legal drinking age at 21. More than 50 peer-reviewed studies have looked specifically at the effect of these laws on traffic fatalities, and each of them found that an increased drinking age significantly lowers alcohol-related fatalities. And in a review of more than 50 studies from states and countries that changed their drinking ages, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that increasing the drinking age decreases fatalities and crashes by 16 percent, and that lowering drinking ages increases fatalities and crashes by 10 percent.”
Davis, Ronald M. "Reducing Alcohol Abuse and Underage Drinking." Www.ama-assn.org. N.p., 18 Oct. 2007. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
(2)“Subsequently, in the late 1970s, states began to increase drinking ages again. Again, it was possible to compare states that made this change to states that didn't. Again, we saw a change related to the drinking age — this time, fatal crash rates declined as teen drinking and teen drinking and driving declined. Although there's variation the effects are consistent: deaths go up when the drinking age is lowered and they go down when it is raised. The 21-year-old drinking age is saving lives... Lowering the legal age to purchase and consume alcohol to 18 would increase the number of 18-20 year-olds killed or injured in motor vehicle crashes. Others too would die in crashes involving drinking teenagers."
Lund, Adrian. "Protecting Teens from the Dangers of Alcohol Use and Abuse: Wishful Thinking Versus Science." Protecting Teens from the Dangers of Alcohol Use and Abuse: Wishful Thinking Versus Science. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 9 Oct. 2007. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
Proponent:
(3)"Legal Age 21 has failed utterly at its goal of protecting young people from the dangers of excessive alcohol use. To cite an alarming statistic from the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth: 96% of the alcohol drunk by 15-20 year-olds is consumed when the drinker is having five or more drinks at a time... Since Legal Age 21, less young people are drinking, but those who choose to drink are drinking more. Young peoples' drinking is moving to the extremes: between 1993 and 2001, 18-20 year-olds showed the largest increase in binge drinking episodes. This trend should serve as a call to action for parents, educators, and lawmakers, for while moderate consumption represents little harm to young people and may even be psychologically beneficial, excessive and abusive consumption-binge drinking-spells disastrous consequences for our nation's youth."
McAdams, Lisa. "Legal Age 21, Myths and Realities." Www.chooseresponsibility.org. Choose Responsiblity, 8 Sept. 2010. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
(4)"Jews, Italians, Greeks, French, Spaniards, Portuguese and many others typically introduce their children to alcoholic beverages at an early age. And they tend to have fewer alcohol-related problems than we do in the U.S. In these groups, people learn how to drink from an early age and do so in the safe and supporting environment of the home. Common sense suggests that it's better to learn how to drink in the parents house than in the fraternity house. Groups that have a successful relationship with alcohol de-mystefy it and prevent it from being a highly desired 'forbidden fruit.' Then, instead of promoting alcohol abuse, peers and social expectations reduce it."
Cloud, John. "Should You Drink With Your Kids?" Review. TIME Magazine 19 June 2008: 15-18. Print.
I agree with Gaby. Your statistics are really thorough. I think that maybe for the Jews Italians Greeks,...etc if you could find actual numbers comparing them to the U.S. it would make it much stronger.
Much has been written about the relationship between SAT scores and test-takers’ family income. Generally speaking, the wealthier a student’s family is, the higher the SAT score. For the critical reading section, the average score for student’s families income of $20,000 and less was around 434. For other students whose family income was $60,000-$80,000 the average score was 503.
Rampell, Catherine. "Business Day." The New York Times, 27 Sept. 2009. Web. 05 Feb. 2013. http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/27/sat-scores-and-family-income/
Most studies find that the correlation between SAT scores and first-year college grades is not overwhelming, and that only 10 percent to 20 percent of the variation in first-year GPA is explained by SAT scores.
Wade, Lisa. “Sociological Images.” The Society Pages. 29 Aug. 2012. 05 Feb. 2013. http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2012/08/29/the-correlation-between-income-and-sat-scores/
•The highest average score of all (1702, up 26 points) was posted by students who said their families earned more than $200,000 a year. Students who reported family incomes of less than $20,000 a year averaged 1321, up 1 point. For example, students who took an Advanced Placement or honors math course scored an average of 79 points above the national average math score. And students who had previously taken the Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test scored 121 points higher on average than those who did not take the test.
Marklein, Mary Beth. “SAT scores show disparities by race, gender, family income.” USA Today. 26 Sept. 2009. 05 Feb. 2013.
The SAT and SAT Subject Tests are a suite of tools designed to assess your academic readiness for college. These exams provide a path to opportunities, financial support and scholarships, in a way that’s fair to all students. The SAT and SAT Subject Tests keep pace with what colleges are looking for today, measuring the skills required for success in the 21st century. Yet with wealth being a clear indication as to how kids will perform on the SAT, there doesn’t seem to be anything currently fair about it. The College Board has designed an exam to which there is countless accompanying resources for kids to get ahead — but only if families can afford them. Beck, Koa. “The Biggest Indicator Of Your Kid’s SAT Scores: Your Salary.” Mommyish. 21 Feb. 2012. 05 Feb. 2013.
I like the statistics and correlation evidence you provided for SAT performance and income. It can be included in either argument. Maybe you could also add info about what this high income means in regards to preparation for the SAT or education in SAT subjects in general.
I agree with you, I could also add what resources that help other students who are high income have an advantage that low income students aren't able to have due to the expenses.
Proponent "It is now established beyond doubt that inhaling second hand smoke (SHS) as a result of (tobacco) smoking is harmful. There is no safe level of exposure. According to the World Bank exposure to second-hand smoke causes an estimated 5% of the global burden of disease, slightly higher than the burden from direct use of tobacco (4%), but this is largely concentrated in a few countries. [sup][1] Globally, about one third of adults are regularly exposed to second-hand tobacco smoke. "
Second-hand Smoke: A neglected public health challenge. Rana Singh, Pranay Lal. Indian Journal of Public Health. July-Sept 2011 v55 i3 p192. 5 Feb. 2013
Proponent "According to a recent report from (World Health Organisation) WHO, every year 600,000 children die in the world because of SHS. Smokers should not have the right to disperse into the air a known toxic, smelly substance for others to breathe, regardless of how long the practice has been tolerated in our society. According to WHO, implementation of a smoking ban at public places is the single most important step any country can take to decrease the burden of tobacco-related diseases. "
Exposure to second-hand smoke. Weekly Cutting Edge Lahore. Feb 12, 2011 pNA.
Opponent
"I'm a non-smoker and I've been so all my life, so I understand there's health concerns and I understand that it's a big problem in the community. But at the same [time], people have that choice to smoke. I can't understand how we can actually put a blanket rule down and tell people that they can't smoke out in the public when it's not illegal." -Bill Pontikis
Some ifs and butts on smoking ban. Monash Weekly (Monash, Australia). Feb 4, 2013 p10. www.monashweekly.com.au.
Opponent "Pierre al-Ashkar, head of the Union of Tourism Syndicates in Lebanon, asked Prime Minister Najib Mikati to amend the non-smoking law to allow 20 percent of the space in public places to be set aside for smokers, the newspaper reported. "We met with the prime minister and told him that implementing such a law in the current exceptional security situation in the country is likely to produce greater loss in the tourism sector," Ashkar said.
Lebanese bar owners protest smoking ban. UPI NewsTrack. Sept 3, 2012 pNA. United Press International 5 Feb. 2013
I think that your proponent side is a lot stronger because of your statistics. I think if you were to add more statistics of children dying because of second hand smoking it will help contribute to your pathos.
Thank you both! And yes, I will be looking for more evidence about children's health to add to the pathos argument, but also more opponent arguments to not only increase my credibility, but give points to argue against/defend.
PRO: "Researchers in New Zealand analyzed 32 previous studies and concluded that there would be a 0.02 percent decline in consumption of fatty foods with each 1 percent price increase. They also determined that a 10 percent increase in the price of soft drinks would decrease consumption by between 1 percent and 24 percent. A 10 percent decrease in the price of fruits and vegetables would increase consumption by 2 percent to 8 percent, according to the findings, which were published Dec. 11 in the journal PLoS Medicine."
"Junk Food Taxes Pay Off, Study Finds; Food-pricing strategies can reduce dietary inequalities, researcher says." Consumer Health News [English] 11 Dec. 2012. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
"I was pleasantly surprised that senators looked into this issue," he said, "but I think this amendment does not go far enough. They should have at least brought up the fact that using this oil also causes environmental problems." Gontier is referring to the fact that some palm oil plantations are responsible for deforestation and other environmental issues in countries that produce it such as Indonesia and Malaysia. "French Senator Proposes 'Nutella Tax'." PRI's The World 13 Nov. 2012. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
con: No matter how well funds are invested for improving society, the suggestion of adding a federal fat tax is ridiculous. Our bodies, and what we put into them, are our business as long as we don't hurt anyone else in the process.
Parseghian, Pamela. "Junk-Food Taxes Would Be Unfair and Ineffective." Health. Ed. Auriana Ojeda. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Support High-Calorie Food Tax Proposal? Fat Chance." Nation's Restaurant News 35 (30 Apr. 2001): 44. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
Your proponent statistics make for strong arguments as well as the viewpoint from government that would be imposing a tax. I think maybe adding a statistic for the opponent side about who purchases junk food and maybe demographics could also raise your credibility.
I think you have really strong arguments for both the pro and con side. but i agree with Zulema, statistics will help your arguments a lot and increase credibility.
I also think your statistics are strong evidence for you and will make a strong argument. Looking at the opponent's perspective, like Zulema suggested, would definitely help you out. If you can find it, include an interview with a person who is against higher taxing fast foods?
1)."The 2007 report by the Urban Institute also found that more than half of gay men and 41 percent of lesbians in the U.S. would like to adopt. That adds up to an estimated 2 million gay people who are interested in adoption. It's a huge reservoir of potential parents who could get kids out of the instability of the foster system, Brodzinsky said." "Why Gay Parents May Be the Best Parents." LiveScience.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
2)."According to the American Psychological Association Policy Statement on Sexual Orientation, Parents, & Children, "there is no reliable evidence that homosexual orientation per se impairs psychological functioning. Second, beliefs that lesbian and gay adults are not fit parents have no empirical foundation." "What They Aren't Telling You About Gay Adoption." About.com Gay Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
opposing 1). "George A. Rekers, professor of neuropsychiatry and behavioral science at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine explains that the inherent nature of a household formed by homosexually behaving adults “uniquely endangers foster children by exposing them to a substantial level of harmful stresses that are over and above usual stress levels in heterosexual foster homes.” "Why Gays Should Not Be Allowed to Adopt." The Conservative Papers RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
2). "In a survey of 2,988 adults aged 18-39, those raised by lesbian mothers had negative outcomes in 24 of 40 categories when compared to children of married heterosexual couples. The New Family Structures Study found that those raised by gay fathers had negative outcomes in 19. "Children appear most apt to succeed well as adults when they spend their entire childhood with their married mother and father and especially when the parents remain married to the present day," University of Texas sociology professor Mark Regnerus said in his study. "Christian Broadcasting Network." Gay Parenting Could Negatively Impact Kids. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
Sounds good! I was a little confused from the opposing side. When it says "uniquely endangers foster children by exposing them to a substantial level of harmful stresses" what does it mean by harmful stresses?
your evidence is good jorge. the ability to raise children plays a large part in same sex marriages. for a opposing argument i would add evidence of stress on a kid becuase of peer judgment.
"The advancement of technology has broken down geographical barriers for communication. The Internet has had an unimaginable impact on near instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging"
"Censoring the Internet." Bar & Bench 11 Jan. 2012. Criminal Justice Collection. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
"The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in 1948, provides that: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers."
"Censoring the Internet." Bar & Bench 11 Jan. 2012. Criminal Justice Collection. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
i really like your second piece of evidence Jose it definitely makes censorship seem unjust and pretty accurately defines the boundaries of our rights to use the internet.
i dont know if you're already including them but i would suggest talking about pipa and sopa or how they took do mega uploads.
Violence and sex should be prohibited from television
Pro: Facts: • Children watch on average between two and four hours of television every day; • The occurrence of violence on television has increased by 75% since 1998 and has increased across the board on all five of the major broadcast networks; • On average, American youth view more than 1,000 murders, rapes, and assaults each year on television. • Sadly, by the time our children leave elementary school, they will have seen on average 100,000 acts of violence on television. “When I am home, I meet with West Virginia parents and educators and they have told me that children's behavior is becoming more aggressive and at times crude or explicit, and that they blame television for much of the problem.”
Rockefeller IV, John D. "The Government Should Strictly Regulate Television Violence." Television. Margaret Haerens. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Impact of Media Violence on Children." U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science & Transportation, 2007. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
Con: “At the same time, parents have gained unprecedented control over the tube. Since 2000, all new TV sets have come equipped with a government-mandated "V-chip," which allows parents to automatically block specific programs based on violence, language or sexual content ratings. The typical TV or cable/satellite box includes other controls as well that allow the blocking of channels and restrict access to the set.”
Gillespie, Nick. "The FCC Should Not Regulate Violence on Television." Is Media Violence a Problem? Stefan Kiesbye. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010. At Issue. Rpt. from "The FCC's Not Our Mommy and Daddy." Los Angeles Times 2 May 2007. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
Proponent 1. So-called distracted driving crashes claimed 5,474 lives and led to 448,000 injuries across the country last year, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [NHTSA]. That's one in every six highway deaths. Mayerowitz, Scott, and Lisa Stark. "Cell Phone Use and Texting Account for Many Traffic Fatalities." Distracted Driving. Ed. Stefan Kiesbye. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from "One in Six Highway Deaths Tied to Distracted Driving." ABCNews.com 20 Sept. 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013
2. Car crashes remain the No. 1 cause of death among teenagers, killing roughly 3,000 15- to 19-year-olds in 2009. Teens' lack of driving experience combined with their use of distracting devices such as cellphones make them the riskiest of drivers, four times more likely to crash as older drivers are, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Department of Transportation. Andrews, Michelle. "Federal Money Gives States Extra Incentives to Shield Young Drivers From Distractions." Washington Post 30 July 2012. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
Opponents: 1. Thus the call to action escalates, and the needed prohibitions grow more comprehensive. A ban on handheld cell phone use will be insufficient if we are to cure the epidemic. Only a total ban on drivers' use of cell phones, handheld and hands-free, will bring progress. Ferguson, Andrew. "Efforts to Ban Cell Phone Use While Driving Are Misguided." Distracted Driving. Ed. Stefan Kiesbye. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from "Driving While Distracted." Weekly Standard (22 Feb. 2010). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
2. The issues raised by truckers show the challenges facing advocates for tougher distracted-driving laws, given that so many Americans have grown accustomed to talking and texting behind the wheel. Richtel, Matt. "Electronic Devices Can Be Used Safely in Trucks." Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection. Detroit: Gale, 2013. Rpt. from "Truckers Insist on Keeping Computers in the Cab." New York Times 28 Sept. 2009. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
Airport officials pulled my friend aside and questioned him before allowing him to board our plane simply because he’s a Muslim American, and they thought he might be a terrorist.
IN A welcome decision, a judge recently ruled a portion of the New York Police Department's racist "stop-and-frisk" program unconstitutional. Ruling as part of the lawsuit Ligon v. the City of New York, Federal District Court Judge Shira Scheindlin found that the NYPD has systematically crossed constitutional lines by subjecting residents to unreasonable searches and unjustifiable arrests.
"A Win against Racial Profiling." Daily News and Opinion from the Left. N.p., 06 Feb. 2013. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
Try to look up statistics to help build on your credibility, however I think the court case is a good source. Use the databases http://www.cityofinglewood.org/depts/library/subscription_databases.asp#social It is very useful.
I agree with Ileana. Maybe add the drastic changes of thought when the 9/11 attacks occurred and how the transfer of power from the state to the national government was made in areas like airline security.
"Proponents of Official English policies, as they are termed in brief, argue that English has been the dominant language for the better part of this century and should be made the official language in order to simplify government processes. Many feel that by accommodating non-English speakers, one is performing a disservice to them by discouraging assimilation. While these individuals state that speaking a language other than English may be beneficial and do not discourage its use in the home, church or private place of business, they do not feel that the government should have to ensure that these individuals are able to participate in our government through their native tongue (Sen. Richard Selby 1996). This movement is primarily being headed by members of the Republican party, as well as organizations such as U.S. English and English First. U.S. English is a national, non-partisan, non-profit citizens' group whose mission is to preserve the role of the English language in the United States and make it the official language of the government, thereby encouraging immigrants to learn English (U.S. English). The organization known as English First considers itself to be a national, non-profit grassroots lobbying organization whose goals include making English the official language of the United States, eliminating ineffective multilingual policies, and giving every child the opportunity to learn English (English First)."
"Opponents of Official English policies argue that this type of legislation is unconstitutional. Restricting federal and state employees from communicating with individuals, especially immigrants, in a language other than English violates the first amendment according to these opponents. It also restricts the government's ability to communicate with all its citizens and prevents many from voting, thereby going against the principle of a democracy, the very essence and foundation this country was built upon. Opponents also fear that this type of legislation will lead to ethnic and racial intolerance, and confirm to non-native English speakers that they are second class citizens in the eyes of the government of the United States (ACLU). As may be expected, many Democrats (including the Clinton administration) have tended to lobby against Official English policies along with other organizations such as the ACLU, various pro-bilingual associations, minority based non-profits groups as well as the National Education Association."
"Does the United States Need an Official Language?" Does the United States Need an Official Language? N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
I like your sources because they include opinions and the views of political parties, who are essentially the people who run the country, which boosts your appeal to authority factor. You should also research how and why previous attempts to make English the official language have failed or about how some states already have made English their official language
Pictures of American prison guards torturing Iraqi prisoners mirror images from recent action movies and so-called "torture porn" films, only with reversed roles. In the movies, the perpetrators are usually third-world gangsters and fanatics and the victims are of Western origin. Movie directors teach us that torture is fun, and the photos of naked and abused prisoners in Iraq reflect that attitude. Reality and fantasy are merging into a universal attitude that to inflict pain is worth little more than a laugh.
Hamrah, A. S. "Media Violence Makes Torture Acceptable to Viewers." Is Media Violence a Problem? Stefan Kiesbye. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010. At Issue. Rpt. from "We Love to Torture." Los Angeles Times 18 Dec. 2006. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
Research repeatedly demonstrates that, for children, exposure to violent video games, movies and television programs is a risk factor for becoming desensitized to violence, lack of sympathy for victims and aggressive behavior. Proponents for allowing purveyors of violent media unfettered access to children dismiss the research because it is correlational and not causal. As one of the leading researchers on media violence, I am concerned that research data be correctly represented. There is a large pool of data on media violence and aggression, but the findings have been inconsistent and the studies tend to be deeply flawed.
Finally, despite their tender age, children regularly demonstrate sophisticated interpretive skills pertaining to media, violence, and social attitudes and behaviors. Determining whether or not they are desensitized to violence is important work, but the majority of children who are exposed to media violence do not act out or mimic what they see. Let's try to learn a bit more from and about them before imposing restrictive policies. There can be no argument that frequent exposure to movies and video games that glorify violence harms children. Researchers at the University of Indiana Medical School found that such exposure changes the brains of heavy users, making them less able to understand the effects of actual violence. And we know that the military has used computer simulations for many years to desensitize soldiers and turn them into effective killers.
"Sunday Dialogue: Mayhem on Our Screens." New York Times 27 Jan. 2013: 2(L). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
I like the evidence you use to defend your arugment. You point out some really strong point that will help your essay. You should use some statistics to make it more interesting
Cons 1. "The Declaration of Independence (33 KB) [51] states that "[A]ll men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." Allowing abortion directly contradicts the Founding Fathers' intentions for an inalienable right to life in this country." "Abortion ProCon.org." Abortion ProCon.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
2. Babies came be given into adoption for parents who cannot have their own and desire to have a child to raise and look after. "should Abortion be banned (except in Special Circumstances Like Saving the Mothers Life?" BalancedPolitic.org N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
Pros 3. "It's arguably better for society to have babies aborted than have them be brought up poor and neglected where not only will the child suffer but society that when that child develops a higher attraction to crime, welfare , etc." (Citation was the same as number2)
4. "The unborn embryo or a fetus just a simple blob of tissue, a product of conception-not only a baby. Abortion is terminating a pregnancy, not killing a child." "Main Menu" 39ProChoiceArguments. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
"And the two-party system has not just narrowed our choices, it's narrowed our thinking. It has deeply infected our political discourse, our media, and our politicians. To paraphrase Einstein, the problems we are facing today cannot be solved by the same level of thinking that created them... Democrats and Republicans need something to spice it up. They need to go on Craigslist and find a third party".--Arianna Huffington ) co-founder and editor-in-chief of HuffingtonPost ,” Debating the Two Party System,” www.huffingtonpost.com, posted February 18th, 2011; February 3rd,2013. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/arianna-huffington/debating-the-twoparty-sys_b_824973.html)
"Possibly the weakest minority in the U.S. remains the radical, neither delusional nor negligent, but powerless and silenced."-- PL Thomas , “ Delusion and Negligence: The Two Party System In The U.S.”; www.truth-out.org, The Daily Censored, posted Tuesday Octobe 9th, 2012; February 3rd, 2012 http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/12003-delusion-and-negligence-the-two-party-system-in-the-us)
"Two party systems are based on the pluarality system which allows the winner to be the person who get the most votes even if he or she does not get the majority of the votes."--James Q. Wilson, John J. Dilulio Jr American Government Ninth Edition 2004 p. 171-175
These pieces of evidence demonstrate the lack of policy diversity in politics, which is due to the entrenchment of the two party system. The two party system does not allow citizens to elect the representatives that hold their best interests. Instead, these same representatives are reelected through single-member districts or the plurality or both. If public opinion changes gradually, why must there same people represent others from a different generation? The two party systems engrained in local and state party organizations make it extremely difficult for third parties to put their party on the general election ballot. This does not allow an equal opportunity to third parties that are more informed about where public opinion is headed. Third parties are minimized and ridiculed and portrayed as a medium for the passions of the people.
PRO :
"Others counter that, while the two-party system has its faults, it arose organically and has a long history of getting things done in the United States. And, they say, the system is broad-based and does allow room for independents and third-party candidates."--- NPR Staff, Is The Two Party System Making The U.S. Ungovernable, www.npr.org, posted February 21, 2011; February 1,2013 http://www.npr.org/2011/02/17/133838193/is-the-two-party-system-making-u-s-ungovernable )
“Though there have been periods of bitter dissent, most of the time most citizens have agreed enough to permit them to come together into two broad coaltitions.” --- James Q. Wilson, John J. Dilulio Jr American Government Ninth Edition 2004 p. 171-175
Although the two party system is an institution that has an old history, it is not the only method of government. Many countries in Europe govern with a multi-party system, simply because it is a representation of all aspects of public opinion. Although the two party system is effective in decision making and is organized through the electoral college, it is not the best or exact representation of the political culture in America. Many citizens are increasingly registering as Indpendents because neither the Republicans nor the Democrats are representing their interests.
I like your evidence they appeal strongly to logos. You should research why and how did we end up with two majority parties and not more. You should also look for statistics about how Americans feel about the two party system. I found this http://www.minnpost.com/business/2012/06/americans-losing-faith-two-party-system . Hope it helps
America is not a great country 1. "The United States spends 58 percent of the total defense dollars paid out by the world's top 10 military powers, which combined for $1.19 trillion in military funding in 2011. With its unparalleled global reach, the US outspends China, the next-biggest military power, by nearly 6-to-1." Wing, Nick. "Fact Of The Day #8: U.S. Defense Spending Dwarfs Rest Of The World." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 06 Aug. 2012. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
2. Here is a little quiz: What do Mozambique and the United States have in common? And should anyone care?
The answer: Of all the nations surveyed by the National Science Foundation, these two nations most closely match each other in the fraction of their college graduates who receive degrees in engineering (about four in 100), ranking them in the bottom 15 of the 93 nations studied, just ahead of Bangladesh, Cambodia, and Cameroon.
Augustine, Norm. "America's Education Problem Isn't Money, It's How We Spend It." US News. U.S.News & World Report, 08 June 2012. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
America is a great country
1. "Periodically pollster Scott Rasmussen asks voters whether they think America is basically fair and decent or whether America is basically unfair and discriminatory. In the latest survey, 64 percent say America is basically fair and decent"
Barone, Michael. "Is America a Good Country or Not?" US News. U.S.News & World Report, 10 Apr. 2008. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
2. "But what distinguishes America is thatit provides an incomparably high standard of living for the "common man.”We now live in a country where construction workers regularly pay $4 for a nonfat latte, where maids drive nice cars, and where plumbers take their families on vacation to Europe." D'Souza, Dinesh. "10 Great Things About America" www.phillytalkradioonline.com. N.p., 04 July 2004. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
Cons: 1) It is extremely difficult to keep youth safe in adult jails. When youth are placed with adults in jails, youth are at great risk of physical and sexual assault. For example, according to the U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) in 2005 and 2006, 21% and 13% respectively, of the victims of inmate-on-inmate sexual violence in jails were youth under the age of 18—a surprisingly high percentage of victims considering that only 1% of all jail inmates are juveniles. Campaign for Youth Justice. "Placing Juveniles in the Adult Criminal Justice System Is Counterproductive." Juvenile Crime. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Jailing Juveniles: The Dangers of Incarcerating Youth in Adult Jails in America." www.campaignforyouthjustice.org. 2007. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 4 Feb. 2013.
2) One big problem: About 200,000 youth are prosecuted as adults each year, most for nonviolent offenses. Children who spend time in adult prisons and jails are at much higher risk for assault, abuse, and suicide. They don't get the services they need, and they are more likely to re-offend—sooner, more often, and more violently—than youth who stay in the juvenile system. Rozzell, Liane Gay. "Alternatives to the Punishment-Oriented Juvenile Justice Model Are Necessary." Juvenile Crime. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "These Are Our Children: New Models Are Transforming Juvenile Justice." Sojourners Magazine 38 (June 2009): 7. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013. Pro: 1) The Court cited some pretty good reasons for its decision—the brains of adolescents are not fully developed, and there is no way to determine with complete accuracy whether or not they can eventually be rehabilitated. I hope however, that life in prison without parole remains available for the most heinous of crimes. While not quite as final and irrevocable as the death penalty, life without parole is a very, very severe punishment, and should not be imposed lightly. If the U.S. eventually abolishes the death penalty, there will need to be some "ultimate punishment." Richards, John. "The Supreme Court Ruling Raises Concern for the Future of Juvenile LWOP." Should Juveniles Be Given Life Without Parole? Olivia Ferguson. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011. At Issue. Rpt. from "After Limits on Death Penalty, Is Life Without Parole Next?" LegalMatch.com. 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 4 Feb. 2013. 2) "Old enough to do the crime; old enough to do the time." The phrase was made popular by politicians and prosecutors in the 1980s and 1990s during an explosion of juvenile violent crime—the teen murder arrest rate increased 110 percent between 1987 and 1993. In response, state legislatures lowered the age and expanded the list of crimes for which juvenile offenders could be tried as adults in criminal court instead of in the more rehabilitative-oriented juvenile justice system "Preface to 'How Can Society Deal with Teenage Crime and Violence?'." Teens at Risk. Ed. Auriana Ojeda. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Opposing Viewpoints. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
opponent: To check the potency of its product under federal safety rules, Allergan Inc. injects mice with Botox until it finds a dose at which half of the animals die -- a rough gauge of potential harm to humans. Animal protection groups consider "lethal dose 50," as the test is known, to be "the poster child for everything that's wrong with animal testing," said Martin Stephens, vice president for animal research issues at the Humane Society of the United States. "It's as bad as it gets, poisoning animals to death." Gaul, Gilbert M. "In U.S., Few Alternatives To Testing On Animals." Washington Post. The Washington Post, 12 Apr. 2008. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.
Just as we do not experiment on humans who are incapable of consenting to experimentation, we should not experiment on non-human animals. Non-human animals cannot give informed consent, and the vast majority of experiments using animals are so invasive and injurious, we would never even consider allowing humans to consent to being subjects in such experiments. Lin, Doris. "Why It’s Wrong to Test On Animals." About.com Animal Rights. About Guide, n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.
Proponent:
Human trials are usable for some things. Take drugs that have already been shown to be relatively safe, or noninvasive behavioral studies. But there are a lot of things you can’t do with humans- and they’ll put you in jail if you try. So for everything else, there’s animal research. And while it’s sometimes distasteful, it really is the best option.
Lest you think I am some cruel animal-abusing taskmaster, think about it this way: by and large, animals in the laboratory have a much better life than animals in the wild. They’re in a secure, temperature-controlled environment with consistent supplies of food and water. Animals in the wild live in natural states of fear and near-starvation, always searching for the next meal while attempting to evade predators. Laboratory animals already have it better than 90 percent of the animals on the planet.
Barry, Ian. "The Elm." The Elm RSS. Washington College, 21 Oct. 2012. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.
There are three major sources of data on crime and delinquency in the United States. First is the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) Uniform Crime Reports (UCR). These data provide summary counts of crimes reported to police agencies. The UCR presents detailed data on seven categories of crime, called the index offenses (or Part I crimes). These include four violent offenses–murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault–and three crimes against property–burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft. Reported crime counts are also provided in the UCR for a set of twenty-one additional (Part II) crimes. The second major source of crime data is the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), which collects information on crime victimization from household interviews. Because many crimes are not reported to the police, NCVS data show much higher rates of victimization than the UCR. However, both UCR and NCVS data tend to exhibit quite similar long-term crime trends. The third data source, collected through self-report surveys of youth (e.g., the National Youth Survey) or the general population, reflects crime and delinquency offending.
Krivo, Lauren J., and Christopher R. Browning. "Crime, Demography of." Encyclopedia of Population. Ed. Paul Demeny and Geoffrey McNicoll. Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2003. 180-183. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
Proponent n American society, imprisonment is seen as serving multiple purposes. Primarily, incarceration is regarded as a punishment for criminal offenders, taking away their liberty and their ability to control their own lives. Such punishment gives crime victims, their families, and society a sense of retribution, or justice. A criminal must pay for the acts he or she has committed. That payment comes in the form of a loss of personal freedom. Locking up criminals also serves to protect the public. A burglar, rapist, or murderer can no longer harm society while serving time behind bars. Many experts believe that imprisonment, or rather the threat of it, keeps would-be criminals from committing crimes because the fear of punishment is so great. Finally, throughout history many criminal justice experts have viewed incarceration as an opportunity to provide counseling and training to offenders so that they can be reformed, or changed for the better, and rehabilitated, or prepared for a return to normal life.
"The Prison Reform Movement." American Social Reform Movements Reference Library. Ed. Carol Brennan, et al. Vol. 2: Almanac. Detroit: UXL, 2007. 287-317. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
One key way a gap year tends to improve students college performance, proponents argue, is by allowing them to depressurize after some 12 years of hitting the books and taking tests.
ReplyDeleteKarl Haigler and Rae Nelson, the husband and wife who wrote The Gap Year Advantage, say they interviewed 280 gappers for their upcoming book, Gap Year, American Style, and found that 90 percent of them did go on to college.
Grose, Thomas K. "The Lure of the Gap Year." US News. U.S.News & World Report, 16 Aug. 2010. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.
Students who do not work rely on their parents for money, especially if they want to travel.Many parents should expect to pay around $15,000 to $20,000 to cover a student's gap year.
Grose, Thomas K. "The Lure of the Gap Year." US News. U.S.News & World Report, 16 Aug. 2010. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.
Students who fail to develop important habits, tend to lose focus easier and fall out of the academic routine.
Purnell, Hannah. "The Gap Year." The Gap YearWeighing the Pros and Cons of Taking Time off Before College. CollegeView, n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.
I think the statistics you're using will give your essay credibility. If you find something written by a student who took a gap year themselves and went on to be successful, you should include it in your evidence.
DeleteI agree with the suggestion Melissa gave you, it would make the essay more compelling. You could also look up statistics comparing the percentage of people that graduate when directly going to college versus the gap group.
DeleteThank you, I think I will look into adding more statistics to make it credible. Thanks Melissa and Roxy!
DeleteGood Job with having two people to prove your argument, just research them and see who else they have interview and the statistics they might have on people who have also been apart of the Gap Year.
Delete"Since its passage in 1972, Title IX has been the main catalyst behind secondary school and college athletics programs creating more athletic opportunities for females. Title IX requires institutions receiving federal funding to provide equitable resources and opportunities for women in a nondiscriminatory way."
ReplyDeleteHOLDSWORTH, JANET M., and JANET M. HOLDSWORTH. "Title IX." Encyclopedia of Education. Ed. James W. Guthrie. 2nd ed. Vol. 7. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2002. 2569-2573. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013
By threatening schools with the loss of federal funds if they do not offer equal athletic opportunities to both sexes, Title IX has generated explosive growth in the number of women participating in competitive sports, including an 847% rise at the high school level.
Mervis, Jeffrey. "Can equality in sports be repeated in the lab? A 30-year-old federal education law caused participation in sports by women to skyrocket. Can it do the same thing for science? (Women In Science)." Science 298.5592 (2002): 356. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
Title IX ensures equality for our young people in every aspect of their education. It's a springboard for success: it's thanks in part to legislation like Title IX that more women graduate from college prepared to work in a much broader range of fields, including engineering and technology.
Obama, Barack. "Entitled to a Fair Shot." Newsweek 9 July 2012: 10. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
In a nation study conducted in 2008, it was shown that 98.8% of NCCA schools offered women's basketball, 95.7% offered women's volleyball, and 92% offered women's soccer.
"The Percentage of NCAA Schools Offering the Most Popular Women's Sports." Girls and Sports. Ed. Karen Miller. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010. Opposing Viewpoints. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
I like how your adding the statistics for the high school one because many girls that play sports in school can relate to that.
ReplyDeleteGreat job so far. It might help better your argument by finding statistics on how men have been affected by the Title IX.
DeleteI was thinking of doing that, to show that Title IX has not caused discrimination against men. Thanks for the advice!
DeleteDuring its 2002 session the Human Rights Council, in Resolution 2002/77 , asked countries with the death penalty "to ensure that ... the death penalty is not imposed for non-violent acts such as financial crimes, non-violent religious practice or expression of conscience and sexual relations between consenting adults.
ReplyDelete"Capital Punishment around the World." Capital Punishment: Cruel and Unusual?. Kim Masters Evans. 2008 ed. Detroit: Gale, 2008. Information Plus Reference Series. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
Support for the death penalty generally remains high among voters--and may have even intensified over the past two decades. A 2011 Gallup poll found that only 27 percent of Americans think that executions are immoral--down from 41 percent in 1991.
According to the Pew Research Center, the death penalty is endorsed by 77 percent of white evangelicals, 73 percent of white mainliners, 40 percent of black Protestants and 59 percent of Roman Catholics.
DeConto, Jesse James. "Motion to repeal: against the death penalty." The Christian Century 130.2 (2013): 12+. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
The total cost to build a maximum-security prison cell is $63,000, which breaks down to approximately $5,000 a year in principal and interest. The annual cost to maintain an inmate in this cell is approximately $20,000 a year. Together, these costs mean an annual expenditure of $25,000 to incarcerate an inmate. Based on a sentence term of 40 to 45 years, one inmate would cost the taxpayer only slightly more than $1 million—less than a third of what it would take to pay for the process that culminates in execution.
"Capital Punishment." West's Encyclopedia of American Law. Ed. Shirelle Phelps and Jeffrey Lehman. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2005. 237-242. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
After the Supreme Court reinstated capital punishment in 1976, the execution rate reached a peak of 98 executions in 1999. Since then, the trend has been downward--attributed in part to some high-profile cases in which death row inmates have been found innocent after DNA testing.
"Use of death penalty grows rarer in U.S." The Christian Century 130.2 (2013): 16.Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
Great statistics Roxy! I don't know if you already included this in your previous research but I think a personal experience from someone who was innocently killed because of the death penatly would increase your pathos.
DeleteNice use of statistics Roxy! I think this will really adds credibility to your essay. If you are arguing against the death penalty, then you should add another statistic similar to that of your last point so that the message you are trying to make can be even more emphasized.
DeleteThank you both for your suggestions, they really are helpful. I think I will try to find more arguments that appeal to the readers pathos.
DeleteDo vidoe games have a negative effect on shildren?
ReplyDelete1)Gentile states, "Similar to earlier studies about television, the data about children's video game habits are correlated with risk factors for health and with poorer academic performance. When video game play is analyzed for violent content, additional risk factors are observed for aggressive behavior and desensitization to violence." He continues, however, "Video games are natural teachers. Children find them highly motivating by virtue of their interactive nature. Children are actively engaged with them, they provide repeated practice and they include rewards for skillful play. These facts make it likely that video games could have large effects."
Video Games." Current Issues: Macmillan Social Science Library. Detroit: Gale, 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013
2)These possibilities now have some additional scientific backing as new studies conducted over the past decade show that using video games may increase a student's performance. A study focusing specifically on cognitive learning and elementary students compared computer-assisted instruction and computer-based video-game playing. The study, conducted by Tsung-Yen Chuang and Wei-Fan Chen and published in the April 2009 edition of Educational Technology & Society, showed that computer-based video games may play an important role in education. In a portion of the study, they compared third-graders' test scores when taught with computer-assisted instruction versus computer-based video games. They conclude, "…playing computer-based video games was determined to be more effective in facilitating third-graders' average learning outcome than text-based computer-assisted instruction." The authors of the study also point out that more research needs to be done and that games to enhance learning need to be thoughtfully created.
Video Games." Current Issues: Macmillan Social Science Library. Detroit: Gale, 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013
3)Craig A. Anderson writing in the Psychological Science Agenda, a publication of the American Psychiatric Association, in 2003 feels there is sufficient evidence to conclude that video games increase violent behavior. He writes, "Some studies have yielded nonsignificant video game effects, just as some smoking studies failed to find a significant link to lung cancer. But when one combines all relevant empirical studies using meta-analytic techniques, five separate effects emerge with considerable consistency." He continues that violence in video games is "significantly associated with: increased aggressive behavior, thoughts, and affect; increased physiological arousal; and decreased prosocial (helping) behavior."
4)Academic achievement may be negatively related to over-all time spent playing video games. Studies have shown that the more time a kid spends playing video games, the poorer is his performance in school. (Anderson & Dill, 2000; Gentile, Lynch & Walsh, 2004). A study by Argosy University's Minnesota School on Professional Psychology found that video game addicts argue a lot with their teachers, fight a lot with their friends, and score lower grades than others who play video games less often. Other studies show that many game players routinely skip their homework to play games, and many students admitted that their video game habits are often responsible for poor school grades. •Video games may also have bad effects on some children’s health, including obesity, video-induced seizures. and postural, muscular and skeletal disorders, such as tendonitis, nerve compression, carpal tunnel syndrome.
"Raise Smart Kid." Raise Smart Kid. 05 Feb. 2013 .
You should add statistics to demonstrate to the audience how video games have a negative effect on children. It would give more credibility to your essay.
DeleteThanks Nirvana but I am actaully having trouble because I dont know what kind of statisitics would show that.
DeleteI agree with Nirvana. I think you can look up the year a specific video such as Modern Warfare was released, and how that affected teenagers who played it.
Deleteyou should watch this video estefani :) it might help.
Deletehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7_aJtpUWT4
DON'T USE MODERN WARFARE TOO MUCH! lol
DeleteI'm fully aware that it's (currently) one of the world's most popular franchise out now, but it certainly isn't going to reflect the video game industry. If you focus too much on War Games, you'll loose the credibility of any true gamer. Try varying your games. Look up information for Mortal Kombat, which sparked the censorship in video games craze. Or games like Doom, which popularized the shooting/ horror genre.
The video i sent you is EXTREMELY one-sided, but it might give you ideas of opposing arguments.
Thanks Ivan this is very useful because I don't want my argument to just be centered on violence since the effect of a video game has to do a lot with the individual. For example it can be argued that playing video games increases the chance of obesity becuse of the many hours spent playin, but its hard to find stats for my topic because most of the studies done can't actually be quatified. Thanks for the video!
DeleteLegalizing the growth of industrial hemp
ReplyDeleteOpponents
-“Requirements for extremely low THC levels in hemp may also lead to the monopolization of the seed market by federally-sanctioned producers, as is the case in France. Another uncertainty is whether farmers will suffer confiscation of the resulting crop or prosecution if the plant shows THC levels higher than the 0.3 percent that is likely to be adopted. Welcome to the brave new world of hemp growing.”
Kane, Mari. "GROWING PAINS." E Sept. 1999: 36. General OneFile. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA55909767&v=2.1&u=inglewood&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w
-Sweetser also spoke up for the concerns of law-enforcement officials. She said they had expressed concern to her that in aerial surveillance it's difficult to tell the difference between industrial and the stronger stuff.
-The Drug Enforcement Administration, or DEA, isn't buying that one. "The hemp plant is the marijuana plant;' says Dana Seely, a spokeswoman. "If you're doing aerial surveillance, there would be no way to ten." She also tells Insight that the DEA is concerned that industrial hemp will "end up in the illicit market."
Elvin, John. "Green Mountain State says go smoke a rope." Insight on the News 3 June 1996: 16+. General OneFile. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA18351567&v=2.1&u=inglewood&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w
Proponents
-"Cotton uses 50 per cent of the world's pesticides. Hemp doesn't need chemicals to grow. It's the strongest fiber known to man.”
-"Hemp will grow in three months and use 95 per cent of the plant -- trees take 10 years to reach usable maturity”
-“As a fabric, hemp is softer, warmer, more absorbent, more breathable and longer lasting than cotton”
Broadfoot, Sarah. "Hemp hoopla: hemp has been used for thousands of years, for everything from clothing to construction." What Magazine June 2000: 15. General OneFile. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA30586292&v=2.1&u=inglewood&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w
-Just thought this was an interesting fact: “It has long fibres and even when cut up it is much stronger. Hemp also lasts longer; the US Declaration of Independence was drafted on hemp paper,' explains Adam Eidinger, commercial director at US lobbyist Vote Hemp.”
-“Hemp has been a popular fibre because it grows quickly. It produces 250% more fibre than cotton. The industry in the UK is currently based on short-fibre varieties”
Technology Report: Paper - The miracle crop." Print Week 5 June 2008: 33. Communications and Mass Media Collection. Web. 5 Feb. 2013. http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA179722341&v=2.1&u=inglewood&it=r&p=PPCM&sw=w
I really like how your research demonstrates the social and environmental perspectives. Consider adding the economical conseuences, would it benefit the economy or hinder it? what do farmers think of the issue?
DeleteYes. I agree with Estefani. The fact that you have information that demonstrates the environmental perspectives makes me more interested in what you have to say about this topic.
DeleteThank you both for the comments. I will definitely look into the economical consequence of legalizing it. Great advice.
Delete1."Younger Americans die earlier and live in poorer health than their counterparts in other developed countries, with far higher rates of deathfrom guns, car accidents and drug addiction, according to a new analysis of health and longevity in the United States."
ReplyDelete2.Car accidents, gun violence and drug overdoses were major contributors to years of life lost by Americans before age 50.
3. The rate of firearm homicides was 20 times higher in the United States than in the other countries, according to the report, which cited a 2011 study of 23 countries. And though suicide rates were lower in the United States, firearm suicide rates were six times higher.
4. Sixty-nine percent of all American homicide deaths in 2007 involved firearms, compared with an average of 26 percent in other countries, the study said. ''The bottom line is that we are not preventing damaging health behaviors,'' said Samuel Preston, a demographer and sociologist at the University of Pennsylvania, who was on the panel. ''You can blame that on public health officials, or on the health care system. No one understands where responsibility lies.''
Tavernise, Sabrina. "For Americans under 50, stark findings on health." New York Times 10 Jan. 2013: A3(L). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 4 Feb. 2013.
Good use of statistics Nirvana. I think you should use one or some of the recent incidents regarding firarms(maybe the Aurora shooting or Sandy Hook). I think that could add some pathos as well as ethos.
ReplyDeleteI agree with Anel about recent events that have to deal with firearms. Also, I'm a bit confused with your first evidence. I feel like it's taking the focus away from your topic just slightly.
ReplyDeleteProposing
ReplyDeletehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZueOCLGt1tw
“Male characters are just as sexually and physically objectified in video games as female characters. They’re built like Greek statues and chiseled to the core dripping with sweat, blood and dirt wielding a gun with muscles budging in skin tight t-shirts. Boys portrayed as the tough killing machine. Tell me that it’s not in some way objectifying a male character’s masculinity.” -KiteTales
Opposing
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/matthew-byrd/sexism-and-misogyny-ruin-_b_1773261.html
“It is an industry-wide embarrassment that for far too long has been devoid of strong, non-sexualized and real female characters. Outside of Samus and possibly Lara Croft, there have been no prominent female icons in gaming. On top of that, the majority of female characters portrayed in video games fit into a minute number of stereotypes (damsel in distress, "whore," etc.) and are almost always portrayed as objects to be desired.” –Senator Yee
Definitions
1) Misogynist: A person who hates, mistrusts or mistreats women
2) Sexism: Attitudes or behavior based on tradition and stereotypes of gender roles
I think you would need a stronger argument for proposing, since males are typically seen as strong anyway. But if that's your stance then your arguments are okay.
DeleteYou have a good point... o____o
DeleteI think what I'm trying to get at is that most games tend to be idealistic in the way they portray their characters. It's easier to look up to a hunky bad ass than a chubby kid, you know? It's how industry works, unfortunately.
I agree with amanda stronger pro because the opposing argument is going in and you need something that will beat that opposing argument. If your going for pro
Delete1. Against: "Decades of research have failed to identify reliable differences in the way male and female brains process, store, or retrieve information. For example, the popular idea that “boys are visual learners” and “girls are auditory learners” is simply untrue. Learning is best accomplished when the delivery method matches the subject matter. It is the quality of teachers’ training, lessons, and classroom management practices — and not gender of their students — that determines how much learning occurs in their classrooms."
ReplyDelete2. "Placing children into classrooms based on their gender and — and making assumptions about their physiology, brains, interests, and learning ability — will virtually guarantee that teachers’ expectations are biased and their gender-based practices are misguided for most of their students."
Strauss, Valerie. "The Case Against Single-Sex Schooling." The Washington Post. N.p., 03 June 2012. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.
3. For: Test score statistics on the FCAT (Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test) in 2008=
boys in coed classes: 37% scored proficient
girls in coed classes: 59% scored proficient
girls in single-sex classes: 75% scored proficient
boys in single-sex classes: 86% scored proficient.
"these students were all learning the same curriculum in the same school."
4. "England, July 2002: The National Foundation for Educational Research was commissioned to study the effect of school size and school type (single-sex vs. coed) on academic performance. The Foundation studied 2,954 high schools throughout England, where single-sex public high schools are widely available. They released their report on July 8 2002. They found: Even after controlling for students' academic ability and other background factors, both girls and boys did significantly better in single-sex schools than in coed schools."
"NASSPE: Research Single-Sex vs. Coed: The Evidence." NASSPE. N.p., 2011. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.
I think your arguments are very strong. I see some statistics in there; it all looks pretty good.
DeleteI'm not sure if you did this in your previous research but include first-hand evidence from maybe a teacher at school. She will have credibility and will have more perspective and opinions about it.
I agree with Clarissa you have strong evidence for both sides. The statistics help bring more credibility to the opponent side. However, you also have strong opinion based evidence for the proponent. If you were to combine both statistic and evidence it will strengthen your argument even more.
DeleteOpponent:
ReplyDelete(1)"According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, more than 25,000 lives have been saved since states began setting the legal drinking age to 21. That statistic is just one piece of overwhelming research that proves the lifesaving benefits of laws that establish the minimum legal drinking age at 21.
More than 50 peer-reviewed studies have looked specifically at the effect of these laws on traffic fatalities, and each of them found that an increased drinking age significantly lowers alcohol-related fatalities. And in a review of more than 50 studies from states and countries that changed their drinking ages, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that increasing the drinking age decreases fatalities and crashes by 16 percent, and that lowering drinking ages increases fatalities and crashes by 10 percent.”
Davis, Ronald M. "Reducing Alcohol Abuse and Underage Drinking." Www.ama-assn.org. N.p., 18 Oct. 2007. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
(2)“Subsequently, in the late 1970s, states began to increase drinking ages again. Again, it was possible to compare states that made this change to states that didn't. Again, we saw a change related to the drinking age — this time, fatal crash rates declined as teen drinking and teen drinking and driving declined. Although there's variation the effects are consistent: deaths go up when the drinking age is lowered and they go down when it is raised. The 21-year-old drinking age is saving lives... Lowering the legal age to purchase and consume alcohol to 18 would increase the number of 18-20 year-olds killed or injured in motor vehicle crashes. Others too would die in crashes involving drinking teenagers."
Lund, Adrian. "Protecting Teens from the Dangers of Alcohol Use and Abuse: Wishful Thinking Versus Science." Protecting Teens from the Dangers of Alcohol Use and Abuse: Wishful Thinking Versus Science. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 9 Oct. 2007. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
Proponent:
(3)"Legal Age 21 has failed utterly at its goal of protecting young people from the dangers of excessive alcohol use. To cite an alarming statistic from the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth: 96% of the alcohol drunk by 15-20 year-olds is consumed when the drinker is having five or more drinks at a time... Since Legal Age 21, less young people are drinking, but those who choose to drink are drinking more. Young peoples' drinking is moving to the extremes: between 1993 and 2001, 18-20 year-olds showed the largest increase in binge drinking episodes. This trend should serve as a call to action for parents, educators, and lawmakers, for while moderate consumption represents little harm to young people and may even be psychologically beneficial, excessive and abusive consumption-binge drinking-spells disastrous consequences for our nation's youth."
McAdams, Lisa. "Legal Age 21, Myths and Realities." Www.chooseresponsibility.org. Choose Responsiblity, 8 Sept. 2010. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
(4)"Jews, Italians, Greeks, French, Spaniards, Portuguese and many others typically introduce their children to alcoholic beverages at an early age. And they tend to have fewer alcohol-related problems than we do in the U.S.
In these groups, people learn how to drink from an early age and do so in the safe and supporting environment of the home. Common sense suggests that it's better to learn how to drink in the parents house than in the fraternity house.
Groups that have a successful relationship with alcohol de-mystefy it and prevent it from being a highly desired 'forbidden fruit.' Then, instead of promoting alcohol abuse, peers and social expectations reduce it."
Cloud, John. "Should You Drink With Your Kids?" Review. TIME Magazine 19 June 2008: 15-18. Print.
I think you have good statistics and facts but maybe a court case could work for you also
DeleteI agree with Gaby. Your statistics are really thorough. I think that maybe for the Jews Italians Greeks,...etc if you could find actual numbers comparing them to the U.S. it would make it much stronger.
Deletei like the statistics i like how you show both sides.
DeleteThank you guys for the feedback.
DeleteI'll look for some court cases involving the drinking age.
ReplyDeleteMuch has been written about the relationship between SAT scores and test-takers’ family income. Generally speaking, the wealthier a student’s family is, the higher the SAT score.
For the critical reading section, the average score for student’s families income of $20,000 and less was around 434. For other students whose family income was $60,000-$80,000 the average score was 503.
Rampell, Catherine. "Business Day." The New York Times, 27 Sept. 2009. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.
http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/27/sat-scores-and-family-income/
Most studies find that the correlation between SAT scores and first-year college grades is not overwhelming, and that only 10 percent to 20 percent of the variation in first-year GPA is explained by SAT scores.
Wade, Lisa. “Sociological Images.” The Society Pages. 29 Aug. 2012. 05 Feb. 2013.
http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2012/08/29/the-correlation-between-income-and-sat-scores/
•The highest average score of all (1702, up 26 points) was posted by students who said their families earned more than $200,000 a year. Students who reported family incomes of less than $20,000 a year averaged 1321, up 1 point.
For example, students who took an Advanced Placement or honors math course scored an average of 79 points above the national average math score. And students who had previously taken the Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test scored 121 points higher on average than those who did not take the test.
Marklein, Mary Beth. “SAT scores show disparities by race, gender, family income.” USA Today. 26 Sept. 2009. 05 Feb. 2013.
The SAT and SAT Subject Tests are a suite of tools designed to assess your academic readiness for college. These exams provide a path to opportunities, financial support and scholarships, in a way that’s fair to all students. The SAT and SAT Subject Tests keep pace with what colleges are looking for today, measuring the skills required for success in the 21st century.
Yet with wealth being a clear indication as to how kids will perform on the SAT, there doesn’t seem to be anything currently fair about it. The College Board has designed an exam to which there is countless accompanying resources for kids to get ahead — but only if families can afford them.
Beck, Koa. “The Biggest Indicator Of Your Kid’s SAT Scores: Your Salary.” Mommyish. 21 Feb. 2012. 05 Feb. 2013.
Read more: http://www.mommyish.com/2012/02/21/the-biggest-indicator-of-your-kids-sat-scores-your-salary-819/#ixzz2K5rvGYPy
I like the statistics and correlation evidence you provided for SAT performance and income. It can be included in either argument. Maybe you could also add info about what this high income means in regards to preparation for the SAT or education in SAT subjects in general.
DeleteI agree with you, I could also add what resources that help other students who are high income have an advantage that low income students aren't able to have due to the expenses.
Deletei like how you make a clear view that because of higher income they tend to score higher
DeleteProponent
ReplyDelete"It is now established beyond doubt that inhaling second hand smoke (SHS) as a result of (tobacco) smoking is harmful. There is no safe level of exposure. According to the World Bank exposure to second-hand smoke causes an estimated 5% of the global burden of disease, slightly higher than the burden from direct use of tobacco (4%), but this is largely concentrated in a few countries. [sup][1] Globally, about one third of adults are regularly exposed to second-hand tobacco smoke. "
Second-hand Smoke: A neglected public health challenge. Rana Singh, Pranay Lal. Indian Journal of Public Health. July-Sept 2011 v55 i3 p192. 5 Feb. 2013
Proponent
"According to a recent report from (World Health Organisation) WHO, every year 600,000 children die in the world because of SHS. Smokers should not have the right to disperse into the air a known toxic, smelly substance for others to breathe, regardless of how long the practice has been tolerated in our society. According to WHO, implementation of a smoking ban at public places is the single most important step any country can take to decrease the burden of tobacco-related diseases. "
Exposure to second-hand smoke. Weekly Cutting Edge Lahore. Feb 12, 2011 pNA.
Opponent
"I'm a non-smoker and I've been so all my life, so I understand there's health concerns and I understand that it's a big problem in the community. But at the same [time], people have that choice to smoke. I can't understand how we can actually put a blanket rule down and tell people that they can't smoke out in the public when it's not illegal." -Bill Pontikis
Some ifs and butts on smoking ban. Monash Weekly (Monash, Australia). Feb 4, 2013 p10. www.monashweekly.com.au.
Opponent
"Pierre al-Ashkar, head of the Union of Tourism Syndicates in Lebanon, asked Prime Minister Najib Mikati to amend the non-smoking law to allow 20 percent of the space in public places to be set aside for smokers, the newspaper reported. "We met with the prime minister and told him that implementing such a law in the current exceptional security situation in the country is likely to produce greater loss in the tourism sector," Ashkar said.
Lebanese bar owners protest smoking ban. UPI NewsTrack. Sept 3, 2012 pNA. United Press International 5 Feb. 2013
I think that your proponent side is a lot stronger because of your statistics. I think if you were to add more statistics of children dying because of second hand smoking it will help contribute to your pathos.
ReplyDeleteI agree with Aremy but I also think that you should look for more opponent arguments because it might help you better defend your topic
DeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
DeleteThank you both! And yes, I will be looking for more evidence about children's health to add to the pathos argument, but also more opponent arguments to not only increase my credibility, but give points to argue against/defend.
DeletePRO:
ReplyDelete"Researchers in New Zealand analyzed 32 previous studies and concluded that there would be a 0.02 percent decline in consumption of fatty foods with each 1 percent price increase. They also determined that a 10 percent increase in the price of soft drinks would decrease consumption by between 1 percent and 24 percent.
A 10 percent decrease in the price of fruits and vegetables would increase consumption by 2 percent to 8 percent, according to the findings, which were published Dec. 11 in the journal PLoS Medicine."
"Junk Food Taxes Pay Off, Study Finds; Food-pricing strategies can reduce dietary inequalities, researcher says." Consumer Health News [English] 11 Dec. 2012. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 5 Feb. 2013.
"I was pleasantly surprised that senators looked into this issue," he said, "but I think this amendment does not go far enough. They should have at least brought up the fact that using this oil also causes environmental problems."
Gontier is referring to the fact that some palm oil plantations are responsible for deforestation and other environmental issues in countries that produce it such as Indonesia and Malaysia.
"French Senator Proposes 'Nutella Tax'." PRI's The World 13 Nov. 2012. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
con:
No matter how well funds are invested for improving society, the suggestion of adding a federal fat tax is ridiculous. Our bodies, and what we put into them, are our business as long as we don't hurt anyone else in the process.
Parseghian, Pamela. "Junk-Food Taxes Would Be Unfair and Ineffective." Health. Ed. Auriana Ojeda. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Support High-Calorie Food Tax Proposal? Fat Chance." Nation's Restaurant News 35 (30 Apr. 2001): 44. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
Your proponent statistics make for strong arguments as well as the viewpoint from government that would be imposing a tax. I think maybe adding a statistic for the opponent side about who purchases junk food and maybe demographics could also raise your credibility.
DeleteI think you have really strong arguments for both the pro and con side. but i agree with Zulema, statistics will help your arguments a lot and increase credibility.
DeleteI also think your statistics are strong evidence for you and will make a strong argument.
DeleteLooking at the opponent's perspective, like Zulema suggested, would definitely help you out.
If you can find it, include an interview with a person who is against higher taxing fast foods?
Thanks you guys I will definitively look into more statistics about opposing arguments.
Delete1)."The 2007 report by the Urban Institute also found that more than half of gay men and 41 percent of lesbians in the U.S. would like to adopt. That adds up to an estimated 2 million gay people who are interested in adoption. It's a huge reservoir of potential parents who could get kids out of the instability of the foster system, Brodzinsky said."
ReplyDelete"Why Gay Parents May Be the Best Parents." LiveScience.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
2)."According to the American Psychological Association Policy Statement on Sexual Orientation, Parents, & Children, "there is no reliable evidence that homosexual orientation per se impairs psychological functioning. Second, beliefs that lesbian and gay adults are not fit parents have no empirical foundation."
"What They Aren't Telling You About Gay Adoption." About.com Gay Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
opposing
1). "George A. Rekers, professor of neuropsychiatry and behavioral science at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine explains that the inherent nature of a household formed by homosexually behaving adults “uniquely endangers foster children by exposing them to a substantial level of harmful stresses that are over and above usual stress levels in heterosexual foster homes.”
"Why Gays Should Not Be Allowed to Adopt." The Conservative Papers RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
2). "In a survey of 2,988 adults aged 18-39, those raised by lesbian mothers had negative outcomes in 24 of 40 categories when compared to children of married heterosexual couples. The New Family Structures Study found that those raised by gay fathers had negative outcomes in 19. "Children appear most apt to succeed well as adults when they spend their entire childhood with their married mother and father and especially when the parents remain married to the present day," University of Texas sociology professor Mark Regnerus said in his study.
"Christian Broadcasting Network." Gay Parenting Could Negatively Impact Kids. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
Sounds good! I was a little confused from the opposing side. When it says "uniquely endangers foster children by exposing them to a substantial level of harmful stresses" what does it mean by harmful stresses?
Deleteyour evidence is good jorge. the ability to raise children plays a large part in same sex marriages. for a opposing argument i would add evidence of stress on a kid becuase of peer judgment.
Delete"The advancement of technology has broken down geographical barriers for communication. The Internet has had an unimaginable impact on near instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging"
ReplyDelete"Censoring the Internet." Bar & Bench 11 Jan. 2012. Criminal Justice Collection. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
"The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in 1948, provides that:
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers."
"Censoring the Internet." Bar & Bench 11 Jan. 2012. Criminal Justice Collection. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
i really like your second piece of evidence Jose it definitely makes censorship seem unjust and pretty accurately defines the boundaries of our rights to use the internet.
Deletei dont know if you're already including them but i would suggest talking about pipa and sopa or how they took do mega uploads.
Violence and sex should be prohibited from television
ReplyDeletePro:
Facts:
• Children watch on average between two and four hours of television every day;
• The occurrence of violence on television has increased by 75% since 1998 and has increased across the board on all five of the major broadcast networks;
• On average, American youth view more than 1,000 murders, rapes, and assaults each year on television.
• Sadly, by the time our children leave elementary school, they will have seen on average 100,000 acts of violence on television.
“When I am home, I meet with West Virginia parents and educators and they have told me that children's behavior is becoming more aggressive and at times crude or explicit, and that they blame television for much of the problem.”
Rockefeller IV, John D. "The Government Should Strictly Regulate Television Violence." Television. Margaret Haerens. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Impact of Media Violence on Children." U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science & Transportation, 2007. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
Con:
“At the same time, parents have gained unprecedented control over the tube. Since 2000, all new TV sets have come equipped with a government-mandated "V-chip," which allows parents to automatically block specific programs based on violence, language or sexual content ratings. The typical TV or cable/satellite box includes other controls as well that allow the blocking of channels and restrict access to the set.”
Gillespie, Nick. "The FCC Should Not Regulate Violence on Television." Is Media Violence a Problem? Stefan Kiesbye. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010. At Issue. Rpt. from "The FCC's Not Our Mommy and Daddy." Los Angeles Times 2 May 2007. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
Proponent
ReplyDelete1. So-called distracted driving crashes claimed 5,474 lives and led to 448,000 injuries across the country last year, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [NHTSA]. That's one in every six highway deaths.
Mayerowitz, Scott, and Lisa Stark. "Cell Phone Use and Texting Account for Many Traffic Fatalities." Distracted Driving. Ed. Stefan Kiesbye. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from "One in Six Highway Deaths Tied to Distracted Driving." ABCNews.com 20 Sept. 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013
2. Car crashes remain the No. 1 cause of death among teenagers, killing roughly 3,000 15- to 19-year-olds in 2009. Teens' lack of driving experience combined with their use of distracting devices such as cellphones make them the riskiest of drivers, four times more likely to crash as older drivers are, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Department of Transportation.
Andrews, Michelle. "Federal Money Gives States Extra Incentives to Shield Young Drivers From Distractions." Washington Post 30 July 2012. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
Opponents:
1. Thus the call to action escalates, and the needed prohibitions grow more comprehensive. A ban on handheld cell phone use will be insufficient if we are to cure the epidemic. Only a total ban on drivers' use of cell phones, handheld and hands-free, will bring progress.
Ferguson, Andrew. "Efforts to Ban Cell Phone Use While Driving Are Misguided." Distracted Driving. Ed. Stefan Kiesbye. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from "Driving While Distracted." Weekly Standard (22 Feb. 2010). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
2. The issues raised by truckers show the challenges facing advocates for tougher distracted-driving laws, given that so many Americans have grown accustomed to talking and texting behind the wheel.
Richtel, Matt. "Electronic Devices Can Be Used Safely in Trucks." Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection. Detroit: Gale, 2013. Rpt. from "Truckers Insist on Keeping Computers in the Cab." New York Times 28 Sept. 2009. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
cons
ReplyDeleteAirport officials pulled my friend aside and questioned him before allowing him to board our plane simply because he’s a Muslim American, and they thought he might be a terrorist.
"What Is Racial Profiling?" About.com Race Relations. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
pros
IN A welcome decision, a judge recently ruled a portion of the New York Police Department's racist "stop-and-frisk" program unconstitutional.
Ruling as part of the lawsuit Ligon v. the City of New York, Federal District Court Judge Shira Scheindlin found that the NYPD has systematically crossed constitutional lines by subjecting residents to unreasonable searches and unjustifiable arrests.
"A Win against Racial Profiling." Daily News and Opinion from the Left. N.p., 06 Feb. 2013. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
Try to look up statistics to help build on your credibility, however I think the court case is a good source. Use the databases http://www.cityofinglewood.org/depts/library/subscription_databases.asp#social
DeleteIt is very useful.
I agree with Ileana. Maybe add the drastic changes of thought when the 9/11 attacks occurred and how the transfer of power from the state to the national government was made in areas like airline security.
DeleteMaking Englosh the Official Language of the U.S
ReplyDelete"Proponents of Official English policies, as they are termed in brief, argue that English has been the dominant language for the better part of this century and should be made the official language in order to simplify government processes. Many feel that by accommodating non-English speakers, one is performing a disservice to them by discouraging assimilation. While these individuals state that speaking a language other than English may be beneficial and do not discourage its use in the home, church or private place of business, they do not feel that the government should have to ensure that these individuals are able to participate in our government through their native tongue (Sen. Richard Selby 1996). This movement is primarily being headed by members of the Republican party, as well as organizations such as U.S. English and English First. U.S. English is a national, non-partisan, non-profit citizens' group whose mission is to preserve the role of the English language in the United States and make it the official language of the government, thereby encouraging immigrants to learn English (U.S. English). The organization known as English First considers itself to be a national, non-profit grassroots lobbying organization whose goals include making English the official language of the United States, eliminating ineffective multilingual policies, and giving every child the opportunity to learn English (English First)."
"Opponents of Official English policies argue that this type of legislation is unconstitutional. Restricting federal and state employees from communicating with individuals, especially immigrants, in a language other than English violates the first amendment according to these opponents. It also restricts the government's ability to communicate with all its citizens and prevents many from voting, thereby going against the principle of a democracy, the very essence and foundation this country was built upon. Opponents also fear that this type of legislation will lead to ethnic and racial intolerance, and confirm to non-native English speakers that they are second class citizens in the eyes of the government of the United States (ACLU). As may be expected, many Democrats (including the Clinton administration) have tended to lobby against Official English policies along with other organizations such as the ACLU, various pro-bilingual associations, minority based non-profits groups as well as the National Education Association."
"Does the United States Need an Official Language?" Does the United States Need an Official Language? N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
I like your sources because they include opinions and the views of political parties, who are essentially the people who run the country, which boosts your appeal to authority factor.
DeleteYou should also research how and why previous attempts to make English the official language have failed or about how some states already have made English their official language
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeletedo movies cause violence?
ReplyDeletePictures of American prison guards torturing Iraqi prisoners mirror images from recent action movies and so-called "torture porn" films, only with reversed roles. In the movies, the perpetrators are usually third-world gangsters and fanatics and the victims are of Western origin. Movie directors teach us that torture is fun, and the photos of naked and abused prisoners in Iraq reflect that attitude. Reality and fantasy are merging into a universal attitude that to inflict pain is worth little more than a laugh.
Hamrah, A. S. "Media Violence Makes Torture Acceptable to Viewers." Is Media Violence a Problem? Stefan Kiesbye. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010. At Issue. Rpt. from "We Love to Torture." Los Angeles Times 18 Dec. 2006. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
Research repeatedly demonstrates that, for children, exposure to violent video games, movies and television programs is a risk factor for becoming desensitized to violence, lack of sympathy for victims and aggressive behavior. Proponents for allowing purveyors of violent media unfettered access to children dismiss the research because it is correlational and not causal.
As one of the leading researchers on media violence, I am concerned that research data be correctly represented. There is a large pool of data on media violence and aggression, but the findings have been inconsistent and the studies tend to be deeply flawed.
Finally, despite their tender age, children regularly demonstrate sophisticated interpretive skills pertaining to media, violence, and social attitudes and behaviors. Determining whether or not they are desensitized to violence is important work, but the majority of children who are exposed to media violence do not act out or mimic what they see. Let's try to learn a bit more from and about them before imposing restrictive policies.
There can be no argument that frequent exposure to movies and video games that glorify violence harms children. Researchers at the University of Indiana Medical School found that such exposure changes the brains of heavy users, making them less able to understand the effects of actual violence. And we know that the military has used computer simulations for many years to desensitize soldiers and turn them into effective killers.
"Sunday Dialogue: Mayhem on Our Screens." New York Times 27 Jan. 2013: 2(L). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
I like the evidence you use to defend your arugment. You point out some really strong point that will help your essay. You should use some statistics to make it more interesting
DeleteCons
ReplyDelete1. "The Declaration of Independence (33 KB) [51] states that "[A]ll men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." Allowing abortion directly contradicts the Founding Fathers' intentions for an inalienable right to life in this country."
"Abortion ProCon.org." Abortion ProCon.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
2. Babies came be given into adoption for parents who cannot have their own and desire to have a child to raise and look after.
"should Abortion be banned (except in Special Circumstances Like Saving the Mothers Life?" BalancedPolitic.org N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
Pros
3. "It's arguably better for society to have babies aborted than have them be brought up poor and neglected where not only will the child suffer but society that when that child develops a higher attraction to crime, welfare , etc."
(Citation was the same as number2)
4. "The unborn embryo or a fetus just a simple blob of tissue, a product of conception-not only a baby. Abortion is terminating a pregnancy, not killing a child."
"Main Menu" 39ProChoiceArguments. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
Con:
ReplyDelete"And the two-party system has not just narrowed our choices, it's narrowed our thinking. It has deeply infected our political discourse, our media, and our politicians. To paraphrase Einstein, the problems we are facing today cannot be solved by the same level of thinking that created them... Democrats and Republicans need something to spice it up. They need to go on Craigslist and find a third party".--Arianna Huffington
) co-founder and editor-in-chief of HuffingtonPost ,” Debating the Two Party System,” www.huffingtonpost.com, posted February 18th, 2011; February 3rd,2013.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/arianna-huffington/debating-the-twoparty-sys_b_824973.html)
"Possibly the weakest minority in the U.S. remains the radical, neither delusional nor negligent, but powerless and silenced."-- PL Thomas , “ Delusion and Negligence: The Two Party System In The U.S.”; www.truth-out.org, The Daily Censored, posted Tuesday Octobe 9th, 2012; February 3rd, 2012 http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/12003-delusion-and-negligence-the-two-party-system-in-the-us)
"Two party systems are based on the pluarality system which allows the winner to be the person who get the most votes even if he or she does not get the majority of the votes."--James Q. Wilson, John J. Dilulio Jr American Government Ninth Edition 2004 p. 171-175
These pieces of evidence demonstrate the lack of policy diversity in politics, which is due to the entrenchment of the two party system. The two party system does not allow citizens to elect the representatives that hold their best interests. Instead, these same representatives are reelected through single-member districts or the plurality or both. If public opinion changes gradually, why must there same people represent others from a different generation? The two party systems engrained in local and state party organizations make it extremely difficult for third parties to put their party on the general election ballot. This does not allow an equal opportunity to third parties that are more informed about where public opinion is headed. Third parties are minimized and ridiculed and portrayed as a medium for the passions of the people.
PRO :
"Others counter that, while the two-party system has its faults, it arose organically and has a long history of getting things done in the United States. And, they say, the system is broad-based and does allow room for independents and third-party candidates."--- NPR Staff, Is The Two Party System Making The U.S. Ungovernable, www.npr.org, posted February 21, 2011; February 1,2013 http://www.npr.org/2011/02/17/133838193/is-the-two-party-system-making-u-s-ungovernable )
“Though there have been periods of bitter dissent, most of the time most citizens have agreed enough to permit them to come together into two broad coaltitions.” --- James Q. Wilson, John J. Dilulio Jr American Government Ninth Edition 2004 p. 171-175
Although the two party system is an institution that has an old history, it is not the only method of government. Many countries in Europe govern with a multi-party system, simply because it is a representation of all aspects of public opinion. Although the two party system is effective in decision making and is organized through the electoral college, it is not the best or exact representation of the political culture in America. Many citizens are increasingly registering as Indpendents because neither the Republicans nor the Democrats are representing their interests.
I like your evidence they appeal strongly to logos. You should research why and how did we end up with two majority parties and not more. You should also look for statistics about how Americans feel about the two party system. I found this http://www.minnpost.com/business/2012/06/americans-losing-faith-two-party-system . Hope it helps
DeleteI like the sources you use, it gives you credibility. Maybe you can add some statistics to show so number.
DeleteAmerica is not a great country
ReplyDelete1. "The United States spends 58 percent of the total defense dollars paid out by the world's top 10 military powers, which combined for $1.19 trillion in military funding in 2011. With its unparalleled global reach, the US outspends China, the next-biggest military power, by nearly 6-to-1."
Wing, Nick. "Fact Of The Day #8: U.S. Defense Spending Dwarfs Rest Of The World." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 06 Aug. 2012. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
2. Here is a little quiz: What do Mozambique and the United States have in common? And should anyone care?
The answer: Of all the nations surveyed by the National Science Foundation, these two nations most closely match each other in the fraction of their college graduates who receive degrees in engineering (about four in 100), ranking them in the bottom 15 of the 93 nations studied, just ahead of Bangladesh, Cambodia, and Cameroon.
Augustine, Norm. "America's Education Problem Isn't Money, It's How We Spend It." US News. U.S.News & World Report, 08 June 2012. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
America is a great country
1. "Periodically pollster Scott Rasmussen asks voters whether they think America is basically fair and decent or whether America is basically unfair and discriminatory. In the latest survey, 64 percent say America is basically fair and decent"
Barone, Michael. "Is America a Good Country or Not?" US News. U.S.News & World Report, 10 Apr. 2008. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
2. "But what distinguishes America is thatit provides an incomparably high standard of living for the "common man.”We now live in a country where construction workers regularly pay $4 for a nonfat latte, where maids drive nice cars, and where plumbers take their families on vacation to Europe."
D'Souza, Dinesh. "10 Great Things About America" www.phillytalkradioonline.com. N.p., 04 July 2004. Web. 06 Feb. 2013.
This is good. I think that maybe you can add a personal experience?
DeleteI agree with stephanie. This seems like a great amount of facts, adding some personal experience would make it even better!
DeleteCons:
ReplyDelete1) It is extremely difficult to keep youth safe in adult jails. When youth are placed with adults in jails, youth are at great risk of physical and sexual assault. For example, according to the U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) in 2005 and 2006, 21% and 13% respectively, of the victims of inmate-on-inmate sexual violence in jails were youth under the age of 18—a surprisingly high percentage of victims considering that only 1% of all jail inmates are juveniles.
Campaign for Youth Justice. "Placing Juveniles in the Adult Criminal Justice System Is Counterproductive." Juvenile Crime. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Jailing Juveniles: The Dangers of Incarcerating Youth in Adult Jails in America." www.campaignforyouthjustice.org. 2007. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 4 Feb. 2013.
2) One big problem: About 200,000 youth are prosecuted as adults each year, most for nonviolent offenses. Children who spend time in adult prisons and jails are at much higher risk for assault, abuse, and suicide. They don't get the services they need, and they are more likely to re-offend—sooner, more often, and more violently—than youth who stay in the juvenile system.
Rozzell, Liane Gay. "Alternatives to the Punishment-Oriented Juvenile Justice Model Are Necessary." Juvenile Crime. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "These Are Our Children: New Models Are Transforming Juvenile Justice." Sojourners Magazine 38 (June 2009): 7. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
Pro:
1) The Court cited some pretty good reasons for its decision—the brains of adolescents are not fully developed, and there is no way to determine with complete accuracy whether or not they can eventually be rehabilitated. I hope however, that life in prison without parole remains available for the most heinous of crimes. While not quite as final and irrevocable as the death penalty, life without parole is a very, very severe punishment, and should not be imposed lightly. If the U.S. eventually abolishes the death penalty, there will need to be some "ultimate punishment."
Richards, John. "The Supreme Court Ruling Raises Concern for the Future of Juvenile LWOP." Should Juveniles Be Given Life Without Parole? Olivia Ferguson. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011. At Issue. Rpt. from "After Limits on Death Penalty, Is Life Without Parole Next?" LegalMatch.com. 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 4 Feb. 2013.
2) "Old enough to do the crime; old enough to do the time." The phrase was made popular by politicians and prosecutors in the 1980s and 1990s during an explosion of juvenile violent crime—the teen murder arrest rate increased 110 percent between 1987 and 1993. In response, state legislatures lowered the age and expanded the list of crimes for which juvenile offenders could be tried as adults in criminal court instead of in the more rehabilitative-oriented juvenile justice system
"Preface to 'How Can Society Deal with Teenage Crime and Violence?'." Teens at Risk. Ed. Auriana Ojeda. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Opposing Viewpoints. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
Animal testing-
ReplyDeleteopponent:
To check the potency of its product under federal safety rules, Allergan Inc. injects mice with Botox until it finds a dose at which half of the animals die -- a rough gauge of potential harm to humans. Animal protection groups consider "lethal dose 50," as the test is known, to be "the poster child for everything that's wrong with animal testing," said Martin Stephens, vice president for animal research issues at the Humane Society of the United States. "It's as bad as it gets, poisoning animals to death."
Gaul, Gilbert M. "In U.S., Few Alternatives To Testing On Animals." Washington Post. The Washington Post, 12 Apr. 2008. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.
Just as we do not experiment on humans who are incapable of consenting to experimentation, we should not experiment on non-human animals. Non-human animals cannot give informed consent, and the vast majority of experiments using animals are so invasive and injurious, we would never even consider allowing humans to consent to being subjects in such experiments.
Lin, Doris. "Why It’s Wrong to Test On Animals." About.com Animal Rights. About Guide, n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.
Proponent:
Human trials are usable for some things. Take drugs that have already been shown to be relatively safe, or noninvasive behavioral studies. But there are a lot of things you can’t do with humans- and they’ll put you in jail if you try. So for everything else, there’s animal research. And while it’s sometimes distasteful, it really is the best option.
Lest you think I am some cruel animal-abusing taskmaster, think about it this way: by and large, animals in the laboratory have a much better life than animals in the wild. They’re in a secure, temperature-controlled environment with consistent supplies of food and water. Animals in the wild live in natural states of fear and near-starvation, always searching for the next meal while attempting to evade predators. Laboratory animals already have it better than 90 percent of the animals on the planet.
Barry, Ian. "The Elm." The Elm RSS. Washington College, 21 Oct. 2012. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.
There are three major sources of data on crime and delinquency in the United States. First is the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) Uniform Crime Reports (UCR). These data provide summary counts of crimes reported to police agencies. The UCR presents detailed data on seven categories of crime, called the index offenses (or Part I crimes). These include four violent offenses–murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault–and three crimes against property–burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft. Reported crime counts are also provided in the UCR for a set of twenty-one additional (Part II) crimes. The second major source of crime data is the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), which collects information on crime victimization from household interviews. Because many crimes are not reported to the police, NCVS data show much higher rates of victimization than the UCR. However, both UCR and NCVS data tend to exhibit quite similar long-term crime trends. The third data source, collected through self-report surveys of youth (e.g., the National Youth Survey) or the general population, reflects crime and delinquency offending.
ReplyDeleteKrivo, Lauren J., and Christopher R. Browning. "Crime, Demography of." Encyclopedia of Population. Ed. Paul Demeny and Geoffrey McNicoll. Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2003. 180-183. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.
Proponent
ReplyDeleten American society, imprisonment is seen as serving multiple purposes. Primarily, incarceration is regarded as a punishment for criminal offenders, taking away their liberty and their ability to control their own lives. Such punishment gives crime victims, their families, and society a sense of retribution, or justice. A criminal must pay for the acts he or she has committed. That payment comes in the form of a loss of personal freedom. Locking up criminals also serves to protect the public. A burglar, rapist, or murderer can no longer harm society while serving time behind bars. Many experts believe that imprisonment, or rather the threat of it, keeps would-be criminals from committing crimes because the fear of punishment is so great. Finally, throughout history many criminal justice experts have viewed incarceration as an opportunity to provide counseling and training to offenders so that they can be reformed, or changed for the better, and rehabilitated, or prepared for a return to normal life.
"The Prison Reform Movement." American Social Reform Movements Reference Library. Ed. Carol Brennan, et al. Vol. 2: Almanac. Detroit: UXL, 2007. 287-317. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 6 Feb. 2013.