opponent Thirteen students from the Great Neck area, a cluster of Long Island communities with top-ranked schools that send virtually all their graduates to college, were implicated in the latest round of charges, filed Tuesday. Seven others were arrested in September. Prosecutors said 15 high school students hired five other people for anywhere from $500 to $3,600 each to take the SAT or ACT for them. The impostors - all of them college students who attended Great Neck-area public and private high schools - fooled test administrators by showing up for the exams with phony ID.
SAT scores lead to intense stress and students who come from wealthy backgrounds might feel the pressure and pay someone to take their SAT’s for them.
Thomas, James. “SAT Cheating Scandal Widens as 13 More Students Charged in New York.” Fox News. 23 Nov. 2011. 12 Feb 2013.
The SAT should be abolished as a method of determining admission into college. It is a poor indicator of how well somebody performs in college. I base my argument on personal experience. In 1975, my parents divorced, and I took the SAT at that time. At the time, my concentration was poor, my sleep erratic, and I didn't care about the results of the test. I recall taking the test, and remember hearing that the best answer on the test was to answer "B", so this answer was given for the vast majority of questions.
A student might not have a good day the day they take their SATs. They can have personal issues and might be sick the day if and that can significantly impact their scores.
Stoner, Tammy. “Should SAT scores be abolished for college admission decisions?” Helium.com. 19 Jan. 2009. 12 Feb. 2013.
High stakes exams can cause anxiety, but yearly testing and frequent practice tests can help kids improve their test-taking abilities over time. Your child can benefit by learning how to handle pressure, and developing the skills and strategies necessary to meet the school's—and her parents'—expectations.
Munoz, Roberta. Make it or Break it: High Stakes Testing Pros and Cons. Education.com. 03 March 2011. 12 Feb. 2013.
From the perspective of both students and society, the reason to go to college is to earn a degree, a goal whose importance is reinforced by national data that indicates the enormous economic premium associated with possessing a baccalaureate. So the empirical question behind the SAT debate can be phrased thus: how strongly are baccalaureate graduation rates correlated with students' admissions test scores, especially when compared to similar correlations based on high school grade point averages. in each case, the campus that raised its SAT bar saw a substantial gain in graduation rates - in only four years! Stony Brook and Albany: Between 1997 and 2001, Stony Brook increased its average entering freshman SAT score by 7.9 percent to 1164, and its graduation rate rose by 10 percent to 59.2;
When colleges rose their average SAT score for entering freshman, their graduation rates rose. This was because the higher the SAT score was the more likely a student will graduate from that college.
Salins, Peter. “Does the SAT Predict College Success?” Minding the Campus. 15 Oct. 2008. 12 Feb. 2013.
Hi Aremy, your pathos is really strong. I especially like where you have someone speaking form their own experience on how the SAT isn't an indicator of how prepared one is for college. I would suggest you find someone you has had the means to pay for tutors and what kind of preparation money can buy and then tie it in with how low income students do not have that adavntage. Good Job!
I agree with Estefani. The fact that you have quotes from someone that went throught that situation makes is goog. You can porbably talk about your own experience with tutors or tutoring someone.
I agree with you guys, also adding someone who has had the privilege to pay for additional tutoring of the sat and compare it to low income, it would strengthen my issue.
1. Ethos • James Alan Fox and Marianne W. Zawitz of the Bureau of Justice Statistics discuss various trends in homicides that have occurred in the United States between 1976 and 2005. Concerning the homicide trends from 1976 to 2005 by age, gender, and race of the perpetrator per one hundred thousand population, "Young adults aged eighteen to twenty-four had the highest rate of homicide offenders throughout the period."Homicide offending rates for adults aged twenty-five and over generally declined for all racial and gender groups."Homicide offending rates for African-American and white males under age twenty-five increased dramatically" •According to Howard N. Snyder and Melissa Sickmund of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, in Juvenile Offenders and Victims, 90% of the overall increase occurred with males killing nonfamily members with guns, usually handguns. Snyder and Sickmund state, "This type of murder increased 400% between 1984 and 1994.
"Guns and Youth." Gun Control: Restricting Rights or Protecting People?. Sandra M. Alters. 2009 ed. Detroit: Gale, 2009. Information Plus Reference Series. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 11 Feb. 2013.
2. Logos • Guns are used to hunt, for self-defense, to commit crimes, for sporting activities, and to perform military duties. The Second Amendment plainly does not protect the right to use a gun to rob a bank; it is equally clear that it does encompass the right to use weapons for certain military purposes. Whether it also protects the right to possess and use guns for nonmilitary purposes like hunting and personal self-defense is the question presented by this case. The text of the Amendment, its history, and our decision in United States v. Miller, (1939), provide a clear answer to that question • The Second Amendment was adopted to protect the right of the people of each of the several States to maintain a well-regulated militia. It was a response to concerns raised during the ratification of the Constitution that the power of Congress to disarm the state militias and create a national standing army posed an intolerable threat to the sovereignty of the several States.
Stevens, John Paul. "The Right to Own a Gun Is Not Guaranteed by the Constitution." Is Gun Ownership a Right? Ed. Kelly Doyle. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. At Issue. Rpt. from "Dissenting Opinion, in Supreme Court of the United States, District of Columbia ET AL. v. Heller." 2008. 1-46. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 11 Feb. 2013.
3. Pathos • The impact of a one handgun a month law would affect only a tiny percentage of the illegal gun market. And in the illegal gun market, like all unregulated markets (i.e. drugs), money will always find a supply. If one of the numerous sources of guns to criminals dries up others will take up the slack. And while it's true that 1 gun per month/12 guns per year would satisfy most shooters. •The fact is all are equally frightening visualizations. It does not take a specific type of weapon or a certain number of rounds to commit a mass murder; it takes a madman and a contained group of victims with no ability to defend themselves. Charles Whitman, for decades the mass murderer shooter with the greatest body count, had NO weapons capable of holding more than 10 rounds. And in any case, the deadliest mass murders do not involve firearms at all. Twist statistics any way you want, but it is what is in the heart of a mass murderer, not what is in their hand, that determines their lethality.
Wright, Stephen E. "Gun Control Laws Will Not Save Lives." Guns and Crime. Ed. Christine Watkins. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from "Anti-Gun Group Common Sense Gun Laws and Real Common Sense." StephenEWright.com. 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 11 Feb. 2013.
1. Pathos I had a chance to observe the effects of video games first hand on two boys, ages eight and ten, when I babysat them earlier in the semester. They were playing the video game "Mario Cart," which is really not a very violent game; the object is to win a car race by coming in first while maneuvering through different courses. When the younger brother won, the older brother got up and started kicking him and yelling insults! Later on that day, the younger brother was playing another video game by himself and when he could not beat the level, he threw down the controller and screamed at the t.v. screen, "Why are you doing this to me...?!" and burst into tears. I was very shocked by this reaction and was not quite sure how to handle the situation. This game had brought an eight year old boy to tears, right in front of me.
"If more parents would take the time to play the same things their children are playing _ or even better, play with them _ it would benefit both parents and children," says Schell, who teaches video game design.
2. Logos Akio Mori, a professor at Tokyo's Nihon University, conducted a recent study observing the effects of video games on brain activity. He divided 260 people into three groups: those who rarely played video games, those who played between 1 and 3 hours three to four times a week, and those who played 2 to 7 hours each day. He then monitored "the beta waves that indicate liveliness and degree of tension in the prefrontal region of the brain, and alpha waves, which often appear when the brain is resting" (4). The results showed a higher decrease of beta waves the more one played video games. "Beta wave activity in people in the [highest amount of video game playing] was constantly near zero, even when they weren't playing, showing that they hardly used the prefrontal regions of their brains. Many of the people in this group told researchers that they got angry easily, couldn't concentrate, and had trouble associating with friends" (4). This suggests two important points. One, that the decrease of beta wave activity and usage of the prefrontal region of the brain may correlate with the aggressive behavior, and two, that the decrease of beta waves continued after the video game was turned off, implying a lasting effect.
The British Association of Anger Management surveyed 204 parents of children aged nine to 18 about their use of computer games. Forty-six per cent said their sons or daughters had become ‘less co-operative’ since they started playing video games.Forty-four per cent said they were more ‘rude or intolerant towards others’, 40 per cent said they were more impatient, 36 per cent reported an increase in ‘aggressive behaviour’, 29 per cent cited more mood swings and 26 per cent said their offspring had become more reclusive.Twenty-eight per cent admitted their children spent 16 hours or more a week playing com- puter games.
The state of Utah was acclaimed with the lowest percentage of children overweight, and was found to have the second lowest proportion of children spending 2 or more hours on TV/Video game play. The District of Columbia, found to have the highest percentage of overweight children, also had the highest percentage nationwide of children spending an incredible 4 hours plus in front of a screen.
3. Ethos The paper, “How gamers manage aggression: Situating skills in collaborative computer games” published in International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, concerns the results of violent video games, specifically ones with a strong cooperative or competitive focus.According to Science Daily, the data collected included first-hand experience from the research group, observation of third party gamers, and video recordings. What the researchers found was that even in particularly violent games, success involves cooperation with teammates in order to kill other players (in competitive play) or NPCs (in co-op).
I agree with Nirvana maybe add examples from your life, but I also like that you are using the example of Mario Cart which is a game that is rated E, which means all kids can play it and it helps back up your claim.
-She maintains that, unlike cigarette smoke, which can harm nonsmokers, indulging in unhealthy foods does not affect anyone other than the consumer. Therefore, she contends, the government has no right to regulate a person's food choices. Moreover, Parseghian argues that determining which foods have too much fat would be difficult, particularly in restaurants where recipes often vary. A veteran of the food industry, Parseghian has extensive professional experience in both restaurant operations and food writing. Parseghian, Pamela. "Junk-Food Taxes Would Be Unfair and Ineffective." Health. Ed. Auriana Ojeda. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Support High-Calorie Food Tax Proposal? Fat Chance." Nation's Restaurant News 35 (30 Apr. 2001): 44. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
-Danish lawmakers have killed a controversial “fat tax” one year after its implementation, after finding its negative effect on the economy and the strain it has put on small businesses far outweigh the health benefits. …The fat tax comes to an end after netting an estimated €170 million ($216 million) in 2012 in new revenue. Danish lawmakers will slightly raise income taxes and reduce personal tax deductions to offset the lost revenue. "Fans of a Fat Tax Will Be Saddened by the News From Denmark." Freakonomics RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
Ethos In fact, a report by the University of Nottingham, and the University of Oxford, states that Introducing tax on unhealthy food, saves at least 3,000 lives a year from heart disease, diabetes, etc.! Even though these universities are in England, its similar to the kind of thing that''s happening in the U.S.. Research shows that 16.6% of deaths in the U.S.. are from obesity, Making that the highest cause of death in the U.S.. Near to overtaking smoking by only 1.5% "Pros and Cons of Fat Tax." Economics Blog. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
-A study in the British Medical Journal found that fat taxes would have to increase the price of unhealthy foods by 20-percent, to cut consumption enough to reduce obesity. "Eating Ourselves to Death: The Fat Tax." Ivanhoe Medical Broadcast News. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
Logos -Growing up I was a skinny and average-weight child, never really had any problems weight-wise. I played football for a recreational league in Georgia and worked hard at becoming a great player. Family issues arose, and I quit playing football. The coaches begged me to come back, but I never did. I was used to the excercise and training, but I was also used to the appetite I gained from doing that. I ate like I was a football player, and along with the family issues, I ate even more because it made me feel better. I was never a social person, so I just stayed indoors and played video games and ate food the majority of the day. I was like this all throughout high school; despite being called the "fat kid," I still continued to eat. I finally reached 260 pounds a little after my graduation date. I got a great job and worked there for about six months, then they fired me for something absolutely outrageous. As time went by, bills were piling up and searching for jobs began to become extremely stressful. Klein, Sarah. "I Lost Weight: Matthew Quiles Committed To Healthy Eating And Lost 80 Pounds." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 13 Aug. 2012. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
Your ethos is good because the sources are credible like the University and the journal. And I really like your pathos it is a great example that has the potential to create great emotional response. I think you could use more statistics. I don't know if you already researched this but maybe you can find the number of items of junk food sold in the nation. Keep up the good work!
pathos "You can debate theology, and the divide between church and state, the issue of procreation, the red herring of polygamy. But what it all really comes down to is the primary institution of love. The small percentage of people who are gay or lesbian were born with the capacity to love and the need to be loved. These things, above everything, are what make life worth living. And unlike every other minority, almost all of us grew up among and part of the majority, in families where the highest form of that love was between our parents in marriage.” Sullivan, Andrew. "Why Gay Marriage Is Good for Straight America." The Daily Beast. Newsweek/Daily Beast, 18 July 2011. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. "Same-sex couples are similarly situated to different-sex couples in terms of their economic status, their family decisions, their interdependence, and their valuing of marriage. It’s no surprise, then, that gay couples eagerly take advantage of the right to marry when they have it. Research shows that couples who marry - gay or straight - want to express their commitment to each other and to their family and friends. Same-sex couples want to marry to create a firm personal and legal foundation for their own lives and security for their current and future children. "Gay Marriage ProCon.org." N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
ethos
"Married couples can help and support each other in a variety of ways because laws and regulations are written to help that happen - for example, people are able to take time off to help their hospitalized spouse. Gay couples who cannot marry don't receive the same help, so much of what gay partners would do for each other must be shouldered by the community at large, unnecessarily draining resources. By solidifying relationships, gay marriage can help stabilize a community overall." "Arguments for Gay Marriage: Moral and Social Arguments for Gay Marriage." About.com Agnosticism / Atheism. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
"All human beings have certain needs they should not be denied. While views differ on exactly what these needs are, a commonly accepted model is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. This model says that the most basic human needs must be met before other needs can be met. If you were unable to eat, nothing else would matter to you as far as needs at that time. Once physiological needs are fulfilled, humans need to feel safe. In between safety and esteem needs, are love and a sense of belonging. Humans could need the love of their family and friends. This could also be viewed as the human need for meaningful and sexual relationships. If heterosexuals meet their needs for love by marrying someone of the opposite sex and homosexuals cannot marry, are we saying as a society that we do not want homosexuals to meet this basic need?” The Gay Marriage Decision: Ethics, Morality and Law in Conflict." The Gay Marriage Decision: Ethics, Morality and Law in Conflict. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
logos "Religious beliefs only hold so much ground in the foundation of our countries law making. The most common argument for the banning of gay marriage is the religious one. However not all religions believe in the concept of banning the marriage between two individuals. Buddhist literature viewed all marriage as a choice between the two individuals involved. One model of marriage argues that committed partnerships on a sexual level are important. They bond two individuals together creating stable households.” "Why Gay Marriage Should Be Legalized." - DivineCaroline. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
I think you did a good job in the emotional appeal, it was very touching. I think your logos it also quite strong. I think for your ethos, you should put a statistic of the divorce rate difference between same sex couples and opposite sex couples.I remember reading that gay marriages have a lower divorce rate so that can add some more credibility to your paper. Good Job.
I agree with Anel, I like your pathos. Also, in your ethos, you should probably try to find statistics because that can be the best way to find it credible, but you logos is still strong. And you should and on to what Anel said about the "gay marriages have a lower divorce rate "...
i think for your ethos to make it more credible with statistics you can add percentage of how many married couples compare to gay couples and see the differences and similarities.
ETHOS : “ The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to party dissensions, which in different ages and countries has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is itself a frightful despotism. But this leads at length to a more formal and permanent despotism. The disorders and miseries which result gradually incline the minds of ment to seek security and repose in the absolute power of an individual; and sooner or later the chief of some prevailing faction, more able or more fortunate than his competitors, turns his disposition to the purposes of his own elevation, on the ruins of public liberty.” -- Washington’s Farewell Address “ They want leaders, not politicians, who are committed to the challenges of average people to put a roof over their head and food on their table. They want proof that their leaders are acting for the greater common good and simply out of greed or lust for power.” -- Jesse Ventura “ No More Gangs In Government” (moral ' bad / good')
PATHOS : “ They want leaders, not politicians, who are committed to the challenges of average people to put a roof over their head and food on their table. They want proof that their leaders are acting for the greater common good and simply out of greed or lust for power.” -- Jesse Ventura “ No More Gangs In Government”
LOGIC: Reasoning From Example: And the two-party system has not just narrowed our choices, it's narrowed our thinking. It has deeply infected our political discourse, our media, and our politicians. To paraphrase Einstein, the problems we are facing today cannot be solved by the same level of thinking that created them... Democrats and Republicans need something to spice it up. They need to go on Craigslist and find a third party.--Arianna Huffington) co-founder and editor-in-chief of HuffingtonPost ,” Debating the Two Party System,” www.huffingtonpost.com, posted February 18th, 2011; February 3rd,2013. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/arianna-huffington/debating-the-twoparty-sys_b_824973.html) Reasong From Consequences : “Other, legitimate, points of view are excluded. The image created is a false one, a picture of a political landscape that does not exist. There are other points of view.” --Hrafnkell Haraldsson “Is the Two-Party System Best for America?” , www.politicususa.com posted Sep. 29th, 2010, February 3rd,2013 “ They want leaders, not politicians, who are committed to the challenges of average people to put a roof over their head and food on their table. They want proof that their leaders are acting for the greater common good and simply out of greed or lust for power.” -- Jesse Ventura “ No More Gangs In Government” Reasoning From Comparison: In the 2012 U.S. Presidential election only 52% of eligible voters participated in the voting process. Whereas in England, a multiparty government, in 2010, 65.1% of eligible voters showed up to the voting booth. http://www.ukpolitical.info/Turnout45.htm http://www.abc15.com/dpp/news/national/election-results-2012-voter-turnout-lower-than-2008-and-2004-report-says
I think you logic is very strong. I feel that you have done a lot of research and you also have strong ethics. If you add a little more pathos it will make your essay even better, but overall I feel that you have a lot of evidence from logos.
LOGOS http://www.rationalchristianity.net/crusades.html#just -(Counter argument) Some would say that certain books should be banned because they inspire some to bring harm to others. However, one of the biggest bringers of harm is the Bible, if only to name the Crusades, which were carried out in its name. No one is protesting to ban the Bible, so why should any other book be banned for this reason?
http://www.annenbergclassroom.org/speakouts.aspx?name=should-schools-be-allowed-to-ban-books&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 -"Although the U.S. Supreme Court rejected efforts to censor books in schools, the efforts to ban some books have not stopped. In 1982 (Board of Education, Island Trees Union Free School District No. 26 v. Pico), the court said school boards cannot remove books from school libraries “simply because they dislike the ideas contained in those books.'”
PATHOS
http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/burning/burning.html -"Where they have burned books, they will end in burning human beings." -Heinrich Heine "Without free speech no search for truth is possible... no discovery of truth is useful... Better a thousandfold abuse of free speech than denial of free speech. The abuse dies in a day, but the denial slays the life of the people, and entombs the hope of the race." -Charles Bradlaugh' Book censorship can be related to book burning, which was most famously done in Nazi Germany.
ETHOS
-I myself love many 'controversial' works of literature, such as "Catcher in the Rye" and "Fight Club". They've influenced my writing a lot, and I feel as though they've influenced my character for the better. It's clear to me that the characters who are 'bad role models' in these kinds of books are clearly misguided and meant to be the opposite of the intended message, as often the misguided and pessimistic protagonist maybe isn't so bad at the end. Or maybe he's learned something of importance. It doesn't matter; what does matter is they're providing you an insight.
i like your ethos, try to further develop your idea further of books giving a insight. books have morals to them, a lesson to be learned. villains are created to contrast the right from wrong. they give a sense of justice in stories.
Logos -Children exposed to secondhand smoke are at an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), acute respiratory infections, ear problems, and more severe asthma. The report also links second-hand smoke to coronary heart disease and lung cancer in adults and notes that even a brief exposure to second-hand smoke has immediate adverse effects on a person's cardiovascular system. "Surgeon General Declares Second-Hand Smoke Indisputable and Alarming Public Health Hazard; Nymox (NASDAQ: NYMX) TobacAlert(TM) Product Detects Second-Hand Smoke Exposure." Business Wire 28 June 2006. General OneFile. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
-No doubt, workers could be irritated by ETS, but then, they could also be irritated by perfume. Indeed, excessive perfume is considered an indoor air pollutant in some quarters, along with cooking odors. Michael D. Shaw Up In Secondhand Smoke: What Does Science Tell Us? 14 March 2005 http://www.gasdetection.com/Interscan_News/health_news_digest6.html. 12 Feb. 2013.
Pathos -IF you are a smoker, you know you are a prime candidate for heart trouble. So, if you are not a smoker, don't let these tobacco addicts blow smoke in your direction, warns ANNIE FREEDA CRUEZ YOU had better tell your father and brother not to smoke in the house. And when you are at work, make sure nobody smokes in the office, not even the boss. For if they smoke and you don't, you become a "passive smoker", someone who comes into contact with "second-hand" smoke. "Death, passively." New Straits Times 28 May 2006. General OneFile. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
-But in our industry it should be about choice. Going to a restaurant or pub is not a necessity, it is a treat. Most smokers already step outside of a restaurant to have a cigarette. But non-smokers also have the choice not to go into a restaurant or pub that allows smoking." "Mixed reaction to smoke plan." Europe Intelligence Wire 6 July 2004. General OneFile. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Ethos -The ability to go into a restaurant without having to ask for a non-smoking area is long over due here. With a smoking ban, customers won't have to worry about smoke filling their so-called non-smoking side of restaurants. Those smokers or restaurant owners who believe that smoke doesn't travel across a room or can't find its way through a door need to take a second look at how smoke travels in their establishments. "OPINION: Move along with smoking ban." Wyoming Tribune-Eagle [Cheyenne, WY] 30 Sept. 2005. General OneFile. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
-"I know that passive smoking is the real issue but there have always been smoking pubs and it always seemed fine. I don't see why there can't be a mixture of smoking and non-smoking pubs so we can still have a choice. It goes back to the whole issue of the nanny state." -Michael Smith, 29 "Passive smoke ban too late for rosemary." Europe Intelligence Wire 8 Mar. 2006. General OneFile. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
For your ethos, i think there is statistics about the effect of second hand smoking to society or how it is related to certain diseases. Your pathos needs to have a little more emotion, make it seem nostalgic. Your logos is strong. Good job
“There are many privileges a person gets when they turn 18 years of age. First, and most importantly, they are legally considered an adult. They can vote and enlist in the military. Since 18 is such a pivotal point in a young person's life, many people scoff at alcohol being illegal. It is hard to argue against the “my son/daughter can serve their country for three years without being able to have a legal drink” line of reasoning. If someone is willing to die for their country, why do we assume they aren't responsible to have a beer?”
McConnell, Euan. "3 Arguments For The Lowering Of The Drinking Age In America." Articlesbase.com. Articlesbase.com, 29 Dec. 2009. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Logos:
“Put simply, teenagers have not developed the cognitive, social, and psychological mechanisms that are needed to make thoughtful and logical decisions about alcohol use; in addition, their bodies have not finished their physical maturation process. Thus, the government’s changing the legal drinking age from 21 to a lower age would be the equivalent of endorsing the short-circuiting of the maturation processes that are vital to human development and which pave the way for responsible participation in society.”
Smith, Nicole. "Argument in Favor of Maintaining the Legal Drinking Age." Article Myriad. N.p., 5 Dec. 2011. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos:
“Most teens in modern society turn 21 while in college. This can be troublesome because they are on their own. They are learning about alcohol consumption from their peers, who don't know much more than they do. People make the argument that by lowering the drinking age to 18, parents still have some time to teach their young adults about responsible drinking. As my Seattle criminal lawyer told me, accidents involving binge drinking college students have a much higher mortality rate than alcohol related accidents associated with an older age.”
McConnell, Euan. "3 Arguments For The Lowering Of The Drinking Age In America." Articlesbase.com. Articlesbase.com, 29 Dec. 2009. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Ethos:I'm trying to attack their credibility by pointing out how they determine whats considered "aggressive behavior"
-The articles focus on different age groups and genders. They also offer different results. A longitudinal study from last year evaluating 700 elementary school age children found that those who witnessed violence, including television violence, were more likely to consider it "normal." Researchers concluded that this desensitization could mean these children were more likely to use aggression with others.
-Another article, published in 2009, evaluated 800 teenagers on their preferences in video games, television and movies. Researchers found that those who preferred violence in the media they consumed were more likely to behave aggressively, suggesting, according to the abstract, "use of violent media may increase the risk of violent behaviors among teenagers."
Marostica, Laura. "Shooting Awakens Debate on Effects of Violence in the Media." DeseretNews.com. N.p., 21 July 2012. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. .
Pathos:examples of extremes will touch people emotionally.
-One was of a steer in a slaughterhouse, another of a monkey killed and served fresh to connoisseurs in China, and the third, surgery on a young girl, whose face had to be sliced open and the skin pulled away from the skull. Few watched these videos to the end. Bloody images lose their appeal when there are few cues to their unreality. If the violent imagery does not itself reveal its unreality, the physical environment may do so. We are aware of holding a book, of sitting in a movie theater or a sports stadium, of manipulating a joystick or remote control.
Goldstein, Jeffrey. "The Attractions of Violent Entertainment." Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., n.d. Web. 2 Feb. 2013. .
-"When wars take place on the other side of the world, some children expect to find bullets in their back yard. Playing out these scenarios is a way to get control over them," says Jane Katch. "In my kindergarten class, kids played Hurricane Katrina. They were hanging from the monkey bars pretending the water was getting higher. They were reassuring themselves, 'What I saw on the news won't happen to me. I can protect myself.'"
Katch, Jane. "Is It the Media?" PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. .
Logos:the problem isn't the violence itself but distinguishing reality and fantasy when it comes to violence.
-Without background music, awareness of the camera, exaggerated special effects, or film editing, images of violence are unattractive to both males and females, according to McCauley's (1998) experiments. In a Scandinavian study, preschool children typically showed facial expressions of joy while watching cartoon violence, but showed negative emotions while watching realistic physical violence (Lagerspetz, Wahlroos, & Wendelin, 1978).
-Her view is supported by a recent flurry of studies looking at boys and their development. Michael Thompson, a psychologist and coauthor of "Raising Cain: Protecting the Emotional Life of Boys," writes that parents often overreact when confronted with toy guns and other games: "Play is play. Violence is violence." The key is making sure that kids distinguish between the two in their play.
Pathos: -When she started out as a basketball coach, Pat drove the team van to away games. She washed the uniforms in her own washing machine. One night she and her team even camped out in an opponent's gym because they had no funding for a hotel. But she and her players kept their chins up and their heads in the game. And in 38 years at the University of Tennessee, Pat won eight national championships and tallied more than 1,000 wins--the most by any college coach, man or woman.
Obama, Barack. "Entitled to a Fair Shot." Newsweek 9 July 2012: 10. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Speaking up can be risky. Coach Roderick Jackson complained that his girls' high school basketball team in Birmingham AL was not being treated equally with the boys' team; their uniforms, equipment and other aspects were inferior.He was fired, took it to court without a lawyer and lost. The Women's Sports Foundation backed his appeal to the ust against the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled in his favor under Title IX.
"Title IX is 40 years old: why aren't we there yet?" Women in Higher Education June 2012: 1+. General OneFile. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Ethos: -Since its enactment in 1972, women's athletic programs have grown exponentially, from less than 30,000 NCAA female athletes in 1972 to almost 151,000 in 2000, according to Washingtonpost.com. -Considering the significance women's sports now hold, Title IX will give women aid they don't need at the expense of men. This has already happened on several college campuses, such as Providence College, which was forced to cut three men's sports programs to allow room in the budget for female programs that have drawn little interest, according to cnn.com.
Foley, Sara. "Title IX Hurts Men's Sports." Battalion 18 Feb. 2003. Rpt. in Discrimination. Ed. Jacqueline Langwith. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
Logos: -At the Division I level, men's basketball head coaches average $149,700. By contrast, women's basketball head coaches average $91,300 or 61 cents to the dollar paid to head coaches of men's basketball. Foundation, Women's Sports. "Title IX Is Necessary to Reduce Sexual Discrimination in Sports." Title IX at 30: Athletes Receive C+. Women's Sports Foundation, 2002. Rpt. in Sports and Athletes. Ed. James D. Torr. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. -For example, although women in Division I colleges are 53 percent of the student body, they receive only 41 percent of the opportunities to play sports, 36 percent of overall athletic operating budgets, and 32 percent of the dollars spent to recruit new athletes.
Annexstein, Leslie I. "Equality is not negotiable--keep title IX intact. (At Issue)." National Voter May-June 2003: 18. General OneFile. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Great emotional appeal!I think all the numbers really enhance your credibility and your points are very clear. Good job, I am sure your paper will be very convincing.
Logos -The domestic hemp industry continues to import hemp seed, hemp oil and hemp fiber for numerous products. These products can all be legally traded in the United States. Most industrial hemp used in U.S. products is imported from Canada. Available trade statistics indicate the value of products labeled hemp imported into the United States was nearly $10.5 million in 2010. -Such hemp food manufacturers as French Meadow Bakery, Hempzels, Living Harvest, Manitoba Harvest, Nature's Path, Nutiva and Ruth's Hemp Foods make their products with Canadian hemp. Other U.S. companies that make or sell products made with hemp include Dr. Bronner's Magic Soaps, a California company that spends more than $100,000 a year to import hemp oil from Canada, and FlexForm Technologies, an Indiana company that manufactures natural fiber materials for cars. Hansen, Ray. “Industrial Hemp Profile” 2012. Agriculture Marketing Research Center. Web 12 Feb. <2013http://www.agmrc.org/commodities__products/fiber/industrial-hemp-profile/> -After three years of research cultivation, Canada is now in its second year of commercial growing. Its main market is the United States Kane, Mari. "The Movement to Legalize Industrial Hemp." Marijuana. Ed. Joseph Tardiff. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Contemporary Issues Companion. Rpt. from "Growing Pains." E/The Environmental Magazine. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/ViewpointsDetailsPage/ViewpointsDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=OVIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Viewpoints&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ3010202212&userGroupName=inglewood&jsid=9ae5d3548693d9f1740a49131ab08fc5
Ethos: -Cotton crops in the USA occupy 1% of the country’s farmland but use 50% of all pesticides. [xliv] "The pesticides used on cotton, whether in the U.S. or oversees, are some of the most hazardous available today," says Doug Murray, Ph.D., a professor of sociology at Colorado State University who has studied pesticide use on cotton overseas -1 acre of hemp will produce as much as 2-3 acres of cotton Soiferman, Ezra.”Hemp Facts” 1993s.Jack Herer, The Emperor Wears No Clothes. Web 12Feb. 2013 http://www.hempfarm.org/Papers/Hemp_Facts.html Pathos I am struggling to find information that would fall under an emotional appeal when it comes to legalizing the growth industrial hemp.
You have a good amount of logos to aid your argument including budget. I think some possible emotional appeals could maybe include people who have personal experience working with hemp or in such industries who feel passionate about this subject or even how it can impact people more than they think.
Ethos: 1. English is the language of power and progress. In the Philippines, it is highly valued not only because it is functional and practical and washes over us constantly, but more importantly, because it is an affordable item, a skill that can be used to increase one's position, respectability and marketability. In most cases, the better one's ability to understand and use English, the better one's chances of career advancement. This is true for both extremes of the socio-economic ladder. English is as important to the Harvard-educated Filipino working in Manila's cosmopolitan business district as it is to the overseas contract worker working as a domestic helper in Saudi Arabia.
"English in the Philippines by Doray Espinosa." English in the Philippines by Doray Espinosa. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
2. English is regarded as the national language of Australia.1 In 1996, 85% of the population spoke only English at home and less than 1% of the population could not speak English at all. People whose English language skills are lacking face practical problems in education, employment, and access to services. Where there is a lack of a common language there is also a need for interpreter and translation services, and programs of English instruction in schools and in other educational institutions. At the same time, many people from a non-English speaking background desire to see the use of their home language continue in Australia, for reasons of cultural continuity and identity.
"Australian Bureau of Statistics." 4102.0. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Logos: 1. Our country was built upon the freedom to live a life as chosen, while not disturbing or hurting anybody in the process. The First Amendment of our Constitution declares free speech for all. While this is predominantly interpreted as the right to say whatever one wants to say, this could surely include the right to say it in whatever language one chooses. “Congress shall make no law ... abridging the freedom of speech,” the First Amendment reads. By printing government documents only in English, the government is violating the very Constitution it aims to protect and uphold.
"Making English the Official Language Contradicts U.S. History, Constitution." The Patriot-News. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos: 1. "Language is not only a barrier to communication, but also an identifying characteristic of an individual’s ethnicity and national origin. Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination based on race, ancestry, national origin or ethnicity. Section 601 of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 bans discrimination based "on the ground of race, color, or national origin," in "any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” Title VI of the Civil Rights Act provides the foundation for ensuring nondiscrimination in all federal programs and services, including those provided to language minorities."
"Debate: English as the Official Language." N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
2. The immigrant population in the United States is growing increasingly large, and for many immigrants, English is not a first language. One reaction to the nation's increasing cultural and lingual diversity in the workplace is the emergence of English-only rules requiring employees to speak only English on the job. Such rules are disfavored by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the federal agency that enforces federal anti-discrimination laws in the employment setting. Judicial decisions on the subject have gone in different directions, making it difficult for employees and employers to understand the current state of the law.
"National Origin Discrimination and English-Language Only Rules." Findlaw. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
You have strong logos arguments about the language's value here, but its influence in other countries which expands on your credibility. I think some pathos you could include would be of a personal experience or witness of a language barrier or an incident revolving around the idea of having English being an official language.
I agree with Zulema, you have strong arguments, but by adding someones personal experience with having a language barrier or a bad experience helps make it more sentimental to the reader.
Ethos "The child in the womb has been dehumanised by the destruction of the natural order of things. Every child has the indescribable right to life. Today the rights of the child have been written off by marketing choice. The façade of choice is manipulating because abortion causes true harm to others. Children have been killed by a sacrifice for the sake of convenience." "Discover Happiness: Abortion: The Human Rights Issue of Our Time." Discover Happiness: Abortion: The Human Rights Issue of Our Time. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
Logos "According to the CDC, at least 44.7% of the women who had abortions in 2009, had obtained an abortion previously in their life. At least 19.5% of women who aborted had at least 2 previous abortions." "Abortion Statistics." U.S. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos "After my abortion I suffered symptoms that many women do in the same situation. I had vivid nightmares of killing someone, depression, and irrational desire for a baby. The weight was so heavy that I could not bear to say the word abortion, let alone tell someone I had had one. I remained entirely silent on the matter for more than eighteen years" "Abortion Testimonies." Abortion Testimonies. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Logos One key way a gap year tends to improve students' college performance, proponents argue, is by allowing them to depressurize after some 12 years of hitting the books and taking tests. Advocates say that students who defer school for a year return rejuvenated and more motivated to excel. Grose, Thomas K. "The Lure of the Gap Year." US News. U.S.News & World Report, 16 Aug. 2010. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. If students take a gap year, they are able to earn more money for tuition and are cable to keep up with college fees. If students do not take gap year, they will be stressed with not being able to find aid to be able to pay for their fees. Torpey, Elka Maria. "Gap Year Students: Time Off, With a Plan." Education.com. Education.com, n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Ethos Taking a gap year is also linked to higher motivation in college, according to an Australian study of 2,502 students published in August in the Journal of Educational Psychology. Additionally, a student with a higher motivation will be more likely to be into their studies than thinking about dropping out their first year because they could not handle with the amount of work given to them. Shellenbarger, Sue. "Delaying College to Fill in the Gaps." WSJ.com. The Wall Street Journal, 29 Dec. 2010. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. Colleges have programs that allow students to have a gap year after they are admitted to college. Princeton University’s bridge year program, along with the news that the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill recently received a$1.5 million donation to help freshmen set up a gap year. Ruiz, Rebecca. "The Gap Year: Breaking up the Cradle to College to Cubicle to Cemetery†Cycle." Nytime.com. New York Times, 24 Sept. 2011. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos: During my experience so far with high school, I believe that it has absolutely been the most stressful and teachers say that this is nothing compared to college. I would really like to just get a chance to sit back and relax, enjoy the scenery than having my head stuck in books, not getting the liberty to breathe. Also, because of the amount of academics that has to be done, it can start affecting one person and if someone senses that they don’t have the mental capabilities to start school the next, then they should not be pressured. They should have the chance to breathe; do other things than school until they think they are prepared personally to continue on with their academics.
Your logos and ethos are supportive of your arguments. However, to add more view points you should look up other peoples comments for pathos besides your own.
Logos Based on a survey made by the Northwestern University School of Law, 44.8% of criminologist interviewed, which was the majority, agreed that an increase of executions would have a deterrent effect "Responses of Criminologists to Belief that Reforms Could Produce a Deterrent Effect." Does Capital Punishment Deter Crime? Ed. Stephen E. Schonebaum. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2010. At Issue. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. Under revised laws most states now use a bifurcated (two-part) trial system, where the first trial is used to determine a defendant's guilt, and the second trial determines the sentence of a guilty defendant. In most trials jurors are usually only given the option of either sentencing a convicted felon to life in prison or to death. During a sentencing hearing juries must consider all the aggravating circumstances presented by the prosecution and the mitigating circumstances presented by the defense. "Death Penalty Laws: Offenses, Sentences, Appeals, and Execution Methods." Capital Punishment: Cruel and Unusual?. Kim Masters Evans. 2008 ed. Detroit: Gale, 2008. Information Plus Reference Series. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos Seeing the effects of an execution in the family, particularly the effects on children, raises questions for me about the short- and long-term social costs of the death penalty. What kind of message do we convey to young people when we tell them that killing another human being is wrong but then impose the death penalty on someone with whom they have some direct or indirect relationship? Isn't there the possibility that the imposition of the death penalty sends a conflicted message about our society's respect for life. The death penalty is currently applied to only about 1% of convicted murderers in this country. If imposition of that penalty is really necessary for victims' families, then what of the 99% who are not offered it? Second, and even more critical from a policy perspective, a vague focus on executions as the potential source of closure for families too often shifts the focus away from other steps that could be taken to honor victims and to help victims' families in the aftermath of murder. "From Testimony of Vicki A. Schieber, Chevy Chase, Maryland, before the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Property Rights, Hearing on 'An Examination of the Death Penalty in the United States,' February 1, 2006." Capital Punishment: Cruel and Unusual?. Kim Masters Evans. 2010 ed. Detroit: Gale, 2010. Information Plus Reference Series. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
Ethos “The imposition of the death penalty is an appropriate remedy. I further believe that the imposition of the penalty should be imposed within a reasonable time and not unduly delayed. There must be an assurance that those convicted of murder and sentenced to death have received adequate representation, a full review of the legal issues involved and that they are in fact guilty of the crimes charged.” -Commissioner William J. Bratton, Chief of Police "From Separate Statement of Commissioner William J. Bratton, Chief of Police, Los Angeles, California, in California Commission on the Fair Administration of Justice: Final Report, July 2008." Capital Punishment: Cruel and Unusual?. Kim Masters Evans. 2010 ed. Detroit: Gale, 2010. Information Plus Reference Series. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. This year, according to a recent report from the Death Penalty Information Center, 78 individuals were sentenced to death, the first time the number has dropped below 100 in three decades. "A matter of life and death." America 16 Jan. 2012: 4. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
1. Logos "Its unconstitutional...We know that segregating by race was one of the worst mistakes of our cultural and educational history. With a growing number of publicly-funded single-sex classrooms and schools (more than 500 in 40 states), could we be repeating the mistakes of our past without knowing it? Since 1972, educational discrimination on the basis of sex has been outlawed under Title IX. The designation provided that no student could be banned from activities or classes on the basis of gender. In 2006, the U.S. Department of Education added a clarification: public schools could segregate by sex as long as there was proof of educational benefits..."
"...there's no scientific evidence for positive effects of single-sex schooling...We've all seen the statistics:Girls who attend all girls' school outscore their co-ed counterparts on the SAT by an average of 28 to 43 points, Nearly 100% of girls' school grads go on to college, Girls' school students spend more hours a week doing homework, attending study groups, tutoring others, and working with their teachers than co-ed school students...That all may be true, but not necessarily because of the gender division. Because most same-sex schools are private the numbers can be attributed to certain variables like admissions testing, smaller class sizes, emphasis on education in the home, financial advantages..."
Weiss, Piper. "Why Single-sex Education Is a Bad Idea." Shine. N.p., 23 Sept. 2011. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
2.Ethos "Social scientists have found that labeling and separating students based on almost any characteristic (e.g., sex, eye color, randomly assigned t-shirts) makes those differences even more salient to the students and produces intergroup bias...students who have been divided by sex for years need help learning how to work and learn together."
"...there is evidence that sex segregation increases gender stereotyping and legitimizes institutional sexism. As a result of prioritizing single-sex classes, these schools don’t have the funds to spend on techniques that have actually been proven to improve academic outcomes, like smaller class sizes and personalized learning environments with mentors, counseling, and other supports. AND, then other schools down the line, like The Freshman Academy, are forced to spend their limited resources undoing the damage done by single-sex classes rather than, again, implementing proven techniques to expand academic achievement."
3. Pathos "Boys who spend more time with other boys become increasingly aggressive...Similarly, girls who spend more time with other girls become more sex-typed...When you’re talking about separating students, treating them differently, you want to do it in a way that’s constitutional, and you want to make sure that there is adequate justification...[and] safeguard against stereotyping."
"...while girls are better readers and get better grades, and boys are more likely to have reading disabilities, that does not mean that educators should use the group average to design different classrooms. It’s simply not true that boys and girls learn differently,” she said. “Advocates for single-sex education don’t like the parallel with racial segregation, but the parallels are there. We used to believe that the races learned differently, too."
Lewin, Tamar. "Single-Sex Education Is Ineffective." The New York Times. N.p., 22 Sept. 2011. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
Ethos: Distracted driving is the number one killer of American teens. Alcohol-related accidents among teens have dropped. But teenage traffic fatalities have remained unchanged, because distracted driving is on the rise. (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and State Farm Insurance Study and NHTSA Study)
Noisy kids in the back seat is one driving distraction that has not been addressed by government initiatives that address dangers of distracted driving. Many parents, trying to reign in quarreling siblings or fishing for dropped or thrown items, take their eyes off the road and endanger their families. Petrie, David. "Children in the Backseat Are the Worst Distraction for Drivers." Distracted Driving. Ed. Stefan Kiesbye. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from "Distracted Driving: Are Backseat Kids Worse Than Texting?" www.huffingtonpost.com/david-petrie/. 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Logos: Of those people killed in distracted-driving-related crashes, 995 involved reports of a cell phone as a distraction (18% of fatalities in distraction-related crashes) Traffic Safety Facts. N.p., Sept. 2010. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.//www.distraction.gov/research/pdf-files/distracted-driving-2009.pdf
A study cited by the National Transportation Safety Board determined that conducting a cell phone conversation while driving diminishes the speed and quality of a person’s reactions as much as having a blood alcohol level of .08 percent, the legal threshold for drunk driving in all fifty states.
"Distracted Driving." Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection. Detroit: Gale, 2012. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013
Pathos: The driver had no serious injuries. But Craig suffered a collapsed lung, four broken ribs, and a traumatic brain injury. He spent eight weeks in a coma. After he learned to walk and talk again and eventually returned to school, Craig began sharing his story with other teenagers—so far more than 10,000—to help stop teen texting and driving. Jackson, Nancy Mann. "Cell Phones and Texting Endanger Teen Drivers." Teen Driving. Ed. Michele Siuda Jacques. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2013. At Issue. Rpt. from "Dn't txt n drv: Why You Should Disconnect While Driving." Current Health Teens (Mar. 2011). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
A current anti-texting campaign launched by AT&T, "Texting and Driving…IT Can Wait'", sends important messages to the public: that the dangers of texting while driving are serious and often have disturbing results. The commercials portray real-life stories of adolescents and adults who are currently dealing with traumatic brain injuries or the death of a loved one as consequences of either writing or reading a text while driving. "When To Pay Attention - The Consequences of Distracted Driving." Distracted Driving. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
According to a Gallup Poll conducted in Spring of 2001, 58% of Americans believe racial profiling is still occurs despite the fact that it is illegal. The results showed that 93.3% of all drivers were violating traffic laws, of which 17.5% were African-American drivers. He then obtained data from the Maryland State Police and noted that 72.9% of all drivers searched were African American.
N.p., n.d. Web.
logos
The San Diego Police Department has warned citizens that its officers may employ racial profiling tactics in the search for suspected murderer Christopher Dorner. Sgt. Benjamin Kelso, the president of the San Diego Black Police Officer Association was the one to deliver this message, including himself among those who fit the description of Dorner, a former Los Angeles police officer. “If you’re an African American man, you could be stopped and questioned,” Kelso said, admitting the reality of the situation. “There are many people that may look like Chris Dorner, myself included. If you are stopped and questioned it’s important to cooperate with officers.”
"San Diego Police Warn Citizens of Racial Profiling as Dorner Hunt Continues." Atlanta Black Star. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Like your ethos because you are convincing the reader by the statistic provided by a well known and relaiable poll. We tend to believe people who are credible. This give your essay credibility
Ethos: According to a survey done in 2004 by the Entertainment Software Association, 25 percent of console players and 39 percent of PC game players are women. Also, 40 percent of online game players are women. According to a report by USA today 60 percent of female gamers play on mobile devices says a survey done by EEDAR. The same survey done by EEDAR also finds 63 percent of these female mobile gamers play online multiplayer mobile games. According to another study conducted by the Entertainment Software Association in 2012, 47% of the game playing population is female, and women 18 or older now comprise 30% of all gamers. An earlier 2010 study by the Entertainment Software Association had found that the percentage of women playing online has risen to 42%, up several percent since 2004. The same 2010 study showed that 46% of game purchasers are female,[and this figure increased to 48% by 2012. In recognition of the importance of the issues of women and girls as game developers and players, the International Game Developers Association, an association of companies and individuals in the games industry, has formed a Special Interest Group on Women in Game Development. This is an active field of discussion and a topic in many conferences in the video gaming industry. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_representation_in_video_games In terms of pure sales numbers, in the first three months of availability, games with only a male hero sold around 25 percent better than games with an optional female hero. Games with exclusively male heroes sold around 75 percent better than games with only female heroes. By looking at these trends two things become clear: games that give you a choice of gender are, on average, reviewed slightly better than games with male-only heroes, but the games that sell very well are almost all led by male heroes. If you’re funding a large-budget game and you see these numbers, you see that you lose sales by adding the capability to choose a female hero, and you lose significant sales by releasing a game with a female hero. http://www.themarysue.com/why-games-with-female-protagonists-dont-sell-and-what-it-says-about-the-industry/ Because of the expansion of female gamers, we’ve seen more and more female protagonists in games. Games like Portal, Bayonetta, Beyond Good & Evil, Tomb Raider, Assassins Creed 3: Liberation, Borderlands 2 and Gravity Rush all feature female protagonists. Unfortunately, studies have shown that games with male protagonists tend to sell more than games with females staring in them. The only way to balance out the amount of male and female protagonists in games is to heighten the amount of women who play video games. If game developers see a larger demographic of players preferring women protagonists, they will listen.
Logos: The truth is, most people who criticize video games for their supposed violence, sexism and immorality aren’t fanatics of games at all. You wouldn’t trust a movie reviewer who’s only watched the trailers. You wouldn’t trust a book reviewer if he/she didn’t enjoy reading. So I ask this: Why would you trust a non-gamer to tell you about games? As an avid video game player, I am here to tell you that there’s much more to video games than what meets the eye. Video games are not sexist. Sure, most games will idealize the images of its characters by breading them with chiseled bodies and exaggerated body features, but this exists among both male and female characters. With other forms of media in mind, video games are possibly the only one who’s managed to break gender roles as far as it has. How often do you read about a lady like Bayonetta who fights through a series of gods to achieve her destiny? How often do you watch a movie about a girl like Jade from Beyond Good & Evil, who uses her detective skills and martial arts to uncover untold secrets of the world? The only reason women in video games like Chun-li and Lara Croft are criticized is for their Barbie-like features, rather than being revered for their intelligence and strength.
The thought of losing a: son, brother, new father, soon to be uncle etc... It is a grim thought that lingers in the mind of families across the nation. Even it is simple signing up for the Selective Service. In times were chaos has engulfed parts of the globe; left and right, an all out war is visible, though far. Having barely emancipated men, who are just heading out on their own, who have their whole lives ahead of them... Be haunted with the fact than in an emergency they can without warning be called to the front lines and possibly abandon all that is near and dear to them forever. Having the news drop on your shoulders that Billy or Joel has been killed in some distant land in a war effort he cared less about leaving a mother expecting a little girl any day. That same trauma, that same grief, pain, and uncertainty can run through one's head just with a signature, click, and blowing out 18 candles.
Carter, Terry Ann. "Wash Your Filthy Hands." Windsor Review: A Journal of the Arts 45.1 (2012): 100+. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Logos:
Why must men be the only ones to be required by law to sign up for the Selective Service and not women? Women deserve full equality and that can include full membership (per say) in the military, and other customs such as signing up for the Selective Service. Women are proven t be as tough, efficient, and deadly as men, but are still left out of some aspects of the full military experience. Sure, women are the life givers, but men and women need each other. In a marital/survival aspects, but why not comrades in arms? Men should not be the only ones subject to the enlisting. At least a small percentage of women should be forced to sign up. Then all could be equal.
McSally, Martha E. "Defending America in Mixed Company: Gender in the U.S. Armed Forces." Daedalus 140.3 (2011): 148+. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Ethos: When a Representative makes a statement it is kind of difficult to ignore it. When Coffman made the statement that the Selective Service was pilfering money, is pretty bold but right. In these times, money is scarce and people look to safe as much of their hard earned cash as possible. However, the Selective Service saps money from the government which in turn uses tax payer money. Why would we need mandatory military service when the US has the most powerful army on Earth? We have not needed a draft since Vietnam, and there are no signs of one being needed in the immediate future. The bits of money being used for the Selective Service could be put to better use.
Coffman, Mike. "I still believe we are wasting money on the Selective Service." Hill 9 May 2011: 20. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos: “Someone leaked the information,” Mr. Perez said on the tape, someone who “either didn’t like what we were doing, or they thought they were going to be helpful to the conversation.” “It gave the impression, No. 1, that we were driving something to a vote, which we were not trying to do — we were trying to start a conversation,” Mr. Perez said of the unplanned release of the proposal. “And, No. 2, that we were doing something that we were going to spring on the board.” said Tico A. Perez, scouting’s national commissioner, at a town hall meeting on Tuesday with about 250 staff members and volunteers with the Boy Scouts of America, including the executive board.
Logos:"The world I live in is crowded and diverse," May added. "If I'm going to be a citizen, my actions in the world will somehow respect both its crowdedness and its diversity. An attempt to live in a comfortable, homogeneous world is a rejection of the duty of citizenship. It is with great pain that I acknowledge that the Boy Scouts of America has neglected this duty."
Ethos: Instead of mandatory exclusion of gays, the different religious and civic groups that sponsor Scout units would be able to decide for themselves how to address the issue — either maintaining the exclusion or opening up their membership.
Ethos: "We, academicians, fully agreed with the Holy Father's statement that "there is no reason for that type of defeatist mentality which claims that laws opposed to the right to life--those which legalize abortion, euthanasia, sterilization and methods of family planning opposed to life and the dignity of marriage--are inevitable and now almost a social necessity. On the contrary, they are a seed of corruption for society and its foundations. The civil and moral conscience cannot accept this false inevitability, any more than the idea that war or interethnic extermination is inevitable." (No. 3, Feb. 11-14, 2000). Iacobelli, Lou. "Killing by any other name is killing." Catholic Insight Oct. 2009: 5. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Logos: The most common reason was 'artificial prolongation of life is unnecessary'. Most respondents agreed with the concept of active euthanasia; however, significant differences were sometimes observed in the responses according to variables such as patient's country of origin, age, gender and education level. Ho, Yun Young, et al. "A survey of the perspectives of patients who are seriously ill regarding end-of-life decisions in some medical institutions of Korea, China and Japan." Journal of Medical Ethics May 2012: 310+. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos: As I sit here with tears on my face I am recalling the last weeks of my husband's life. Despite wonderful and caring palliative care and endless amounts of analgesic pain relief he still suffered. When he could no longer write his name, close one of his eyes, or make himself understood, the look of anguish on his face was heartbreaking. With all our good intentions and promises of an "easy death", we couldn't legally ease the path any further. "Pros and cons but sufferers' welfare must come first." Sydney Morning Herald [Sydney, Australia] 24 Oct. 2012: 10. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
1. Sigmund Freud hated America. He couldn’t stand being called “Sigmund” by his informal hosts. He believed that Americans had channeled their sexuality into an unhealthy obsession with money. And he seethed at his own need for the dollars that we had in such unseemly abundance. “Is it not sad,” he wrote to a German friend after World War I, “that we are materially dependent on these savages, who are not a better class of human beings?”
Atsk, Daniel. "The Wall Street Journal." One Hundred Years of Freud in America. Wall Street Journal, 6 Aug. 2009. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
2. As my Harvard Business School colleague Willy Shih and I described in "Restoring American Competitiveness," a recent article in the Harvard Business Review, the U.S. has lost or is in the process of losing the ability to manufacture many of the cutting-edge products it invented
Pisano, Gary. "HBR Blog Network / Is the U.S. Killing Its Innovation Machine?" Harvard Business Review. N.p., 1 Oct. 2009. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos
1.Haleem continued with an acerbic critique of the “mainstream American culture” that he said “cares only about calling into question our legitimacy as a faith community.” American society doesn’t care about the Muslim perspective on issues such as stem cells, Haleem said.
“The only cells America is interested in with regards to Muslims are the terrorist cells,” he said.
Haleem went on with a five-minute list of wrongs he said the federal government and American society committed against Muslims at home and in Iraq since Sept. 11.
Andlauer, Anne. "Scholar Surprised Audience with Critique of American Culture." Scholar Surprises Audience with Critique of American Culture. North by Northwestern, 22 May 2007. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
2.'Discrimination in America today is ultimately a matter of race. Institutional racism pervades possibly every organization in this country, OU being no exception. One of the greatest threats to racial equality is the fact that many white Americans don't actually believe that they are racist. Millions of well-meaning people are nonetheless unconscious participants in racism; media coverage in particular has poisoned the white suburban mind against people of color, and institutional blockades to racial equality threaten the very future of this country. But that's not to say that gender-based and economic discrimination aren't enormous problems, because they are.'Lauren Gargani, 22 Human resources assistant
Is Discrimination in America Today More Related to Race, Gender or Class? Why? Athens, 10 Oct. 2005. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Logos
1. Just under half, 49 percent, of Americans agree with the statement, "Our people are not perfect, but our culture is superior to others," according to a survey from the Pew Research Center. Forty-six percent of Americans say they disagree with the statement. The percentage of Americans who think their nation's culture is superior has declined in the past decade, according to Pew -- in 2007, 55 percent called American culture superior, while about 60 percent did so in 2002.
"Americans Spilt on Exceptionalism, Poll Says." CBS.News.com. Columbia Broadcast System, 18 Nov. 2012. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
2. The United States is a nation in decline. Last year the land of the free and the home of the brave came in 10th place in the annual rankings of World’s Happiest Countries. This year the U.S.A. has slipped to 12th.
This marks the first time in the six-year history of the Legatum Institute‘s Prosperity Index that America has not placed in the top 10.
The U.S. has slipped in the areas of Governance, Personal Freedom, and most troubling, in Entrepreneurship & Opportunity. Helman, Christopher. "The Happiest (And Saddest) Countries In The World." Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 09 Jan. 2013. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos "Which leads to a final theme ... the intellectual freedom interests of young people themselves. This is a concept too often impatiently dismissed by child protectionists. Minors are thought sufficiently mature or socialized to understand and resist the ideas that a majority of adults think are not good for them—or, as one federal court put it, youngsters' access to speech must be restricted lest they "get lost in the marketplace of ideas." But is this really the best way to prepare youngsters for adult life in a democratic society? The simultaneous titillation, anxiety, and confusion spawned by forbidden speech zones may do more harm than good."
Heins, Marjorie. "Children Should Not Always Be Protected from Online Pornography." Not in Front of the Children: "Indecency" Censorship, and the Innocence of Youth. Rutgers University Press, 2007. Rpt. in Online Pornography. Ed. Emma Carlson Berne. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2007. Opposing Viewpoints “These ISP-level filters would: Be simple, requiring all UK-based ISPs to restrict universal access to pornography. Avoid censorship as they would allow over 18s to opt-in and restore access to porn (based on age verification). Be comprehensive, while it is recognized that no system will ever be 100% effective. Protect better than current PC/device-level filters, which are easily worked around.” http://www.safermedia.org.uk/blockporn.htm ^^^ Important, soon will find quote by credible source. Filters as censorship? Don't children have rights to view everything or should we take their fundamental rights?
Logos: Reasoning from authority ,testimony, and statistics 1."RAND California Login Script." RAND California Login Script. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. . 2.""RAND California Login Script." RAND California Login Script. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. <http://ca.rand.org/cgi-bin/annual.cgi
Reasoning from examples: 1.Florida's balmy winter temperatures have long been a draw for visitors eager to spend some time under canvas, sleeping on cots and enjoying the great outdoors. But a new plan to expose some of the state's inmates to the delights of year-round 'camping' has failed to evoke the same enthusiasm.
Faced with a budget deficit of $2.3 billion, Florida is saving money by buying giant tents to house prisoners at nine of its 137 facilities. With its prison population having passed 100,000 for the first time this month [December 2008], corrections officials say that the hundreds of extra beds will also help address potential overcrowding problems.
The state isn't the first to try the idea. Michigan, Colorado, Arizona, and Hawaii are among those that have considered or used tents to better manage prison populations. But Florida, with the third-largest corrections system in the country (after California and Texas) is the biggest and the first to try it on such a scale.
So far 36 tents, each able to house 22 inmates, have been set up at eight prison sites in north Florida, and one in the south, and the state has 20 more in reserve.
2."However many they build, they're going to fill them," says Bill Sheppard, a Jacksonville attorney who has represented inmates in numerous actions involving prisoners' rights and conditions. "In August, in a tent, with the heat in Florida, your brain's going to boil, and that ain't a very good thing," Mr. Sheppard says. "They've tried this before, and were made to take the tents down, now they're trying it again and it will fail again."
"The technology of the type of tent may have changed, and the law may have changed, but it didn't work then and it won't work now," he says.
Luscombe, Richard. "Some States May House Prisoners in Tents." Prisons. Ed. James Haley. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Current Controversies. Rpt. from "At Overcrowded Florida Prisons, Some Inmates May Just Camp Out." Christian Science Monitor (30 Dec. 2008). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Reasoning from comparisons: 1. Overcrowding directly affects prisoners' mental and physical health by increasing the level of uncertainty with which they regularly must cope. One useful psychological model of the negative effects of overcrowding emphasizes the way in which being confined in a space that is occupied by too many people increases the sheer number of social interactions persons have that involve "high levels of uncertainty, goal interference, and cognitive load ..." Thus, crowded conditions heighten the level of cognitive strain that persons experience by introducing social complexity, turnover, and interpersonal instability into an already dangerous prison world in which interpersonal mistakes or errors in social judgments can be fatal. Of course, overcrowding also raises collective frustration levels inside prisons by generally decreasing the resources available to the prisoners confined in them. The sheer number of things prisoners do or accomplish on a day-to-day basis is compromised by the amount of people in between them and their goals and destinations.
2.Overcrowding directly affects prisoners' mental and physical health by increasing the level of uncertainty with which they regularly must cope. One useful psychological model of the negative effects of overcrowding emphasizes the way in which being confined in a space that is occupied by too many people increases the sheer number of social interactions persons have that involve "high levels of uncertainty, goal interference, and cognitive load ..." Thus, crowded conditions heighten the level of cognitive strain that persons experience by introducing social complexity, turnover, and interpersonal instability into an already dangerous prison world in which interpersonal mistakes or errors in social judgments can be fatal. Of course, overcrowding also raises collective frustration levels inside prisons by generally decreasing the resources available to the prisoners confined in them. The sheer number of things prisoners do or accomplish on a day-to-day basis is compromised by the amount of people in between them and their goals and destinations.
Haney, Craig. "Overcrowding in American Prisons Is Inhumane." America's Prisons. Noah Berlatsky. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Prison Overcrowding: Harmful Consequences and Dysfunctional Reactions." Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos: 1."Children routinely face humiliation and other forms of emotional abuse as well as severe physical abuse at the hands of guards.... Only nine months ago, 17-year-old Emmanuelle Narcisse was killed by a guard in another of Louisiana's facilities by a single blow to the head that was witnessed by dozens of other children."
Greene, Judith. "U.S. Prisons Are Not Humane." America's Prisons. Ed. Clare Hanrahan. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2006. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Examining Our Harsh Prison Culture." Ideas for an Open Society 4 (Oct. 2004). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
2.I recently watched a video of a "focus group" on crime conducted by a Republican pollster and consultant. In discussing a recent shooting of a teacher by a 13-year-old African-American middle-school honor student, the consultant asked the group what they would do in such a case. Their response seemed even to embarrass him as he tried to smile away the comments of this scientifically chosen "average" group of local citizens. "Fry him!" came the insistent shouts from the group as the 13-year-old's situation was being presented. Only one older African-American man remained silent.
Miller, Jerome. "The Prison System Does Not Work." America's Prisons. Ed. Roman Espejo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2002. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "American Gulag." Yes! A Journal of Positive Futures (Fall 2000). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Logos: “After watching just half an hour of violence, children have more devious and aggressive thoughts, are more likely to inflict punishments, and are less likely to cooperate.” Phillips, Helen. "On-Screen Media Are Changing the Human Brain." What is the Impact of Cyberlife? Ed. Andrea Demott. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. At Issue. Rpt. from "Mind-Altering Media." New Scientist 193.2600 (21 Apr. 2007). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
“After carefully evaluating these comments and relevant precedent, we find that Congress could impose time channeling restrictions on excessively violent television programming in a constitutional manner. Just as the government has a compelling interest in protecting children from sexually explicit programming, a strong argument can be made ... that the government also has a compelling interest in protecting children from violent programming and supporting parental supervision of minors' viewing of violent programming. We also believe that, if properly defined, excessively violent programming, like indecent programming, occupies a relatively low position in the hierarchy of First Amendment values because it is of "'slight social value as a step to truth'" [Pacifica]. Such programming is entitled to reduced First Amendment protection because of its pervasiveness and accessibility to children pursuant to the U.S. Supreme Court's reasoning in Pacifica.” Commission, Federal Communications. "The Government Has the Power to Regulate Violence on Television." Media Violence. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Law and Policy Addressing the Distribution of Violent Television Programming." In the Matter of Violent Television Programming and Its Impact on Children. Federal Communications Commission, 2007. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos: “Devin Moore was just 18 when he was taken to an Alabama police station for questioning about a stolen car. He was initially cooperative, but then lunged for his captor's gun. He shot the man twice and ran out into the hallway where he shot a second policeman three times. He let off five shots at a third man before making his escape in a police car. All three men died from shots to the head. When Moore was finally captured, he is reported to have said, "Life is like a video game. You have to die sometime." Two years on, he sits on death row.” Phillips, Helen. "On-Screen Media Are Changing the Human Brain." What is the Impact of Cyberlife? Ed. Andrea Demott. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. At Issue. Rpt. from "Mind-Altering Media." New Scientist 193.2600 (21 Apr. 2007). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
“Then came Columbine,1 a psychic breaking point for so many of the American people. It was a warning that the culture of carnage surrounding our children may have gone too far, and that the romanticized and sanitized visions of violence our children are being bombarded with by the media had become part of a toxic mix turning some of them into killers. So we pleaded with the leaders of the entertainment industry to join us at the table ... and work with us to reduce the risk of another student rampage and help us fight the larger problem of youth violence.” McIntyre, Jeff. "The Media Contribute to Youth Violence." Juvenile Crime. Ed. Andrea C. Nakaya. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "statement before the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Telecommunication and the Internet, Committee on House Energy and Commerce." 2004. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Ethos: “Helen Phillips is a prize-winning science journalist specializing in neuroscience at New Scientist magazine in England. The electronic age is changing the human brain. Some studies find that television and video games may increase intelligence by improving visual attention and problem-solving. Others suggest cyberspace amplifies natural personality traits, with the extroverts becoming more social and the introverted more isolated. The news about on-screen violence is generally bad, though, with high levels of television viewing increasing the likelihood that children will behave aggressively towards others. Furthermore, violent video games are more worrisome than TV because they are interactive, and children learn from being rewarded for getting things right.” Phillips, Helen. "On-Screen Media Are Changing the Human Brain." What is the Impact of Cyberlife? Ed. Andrea Demott. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. At Issue. Rpt. from "Mind-Altering Media." New Scientist 193.2600 (21 Apr. 2007). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
“Television is an integral part of the lives of American families. An average American household has the television set turned on 8 hours and 11 minutes daily, and children watch on average between two and four hours of television every day. Depending on their age, one to two thirds of children have televisions in their bedrooms. By the time most children begin the first grade, they will have spent the equivalent of three school years in front of the television set.” Federal Communications Commission. "Television Violence Adversely Affects Children and Should Be Regulated." Media Violence. Ed. Noah Berlatsky. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Violent Television Programming and Its Impact on Children." Vol. 7. 2007. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Should Women be allowed into combat? Should women be allowed to the front line is a debatable question that still cannot be answered. The constitution states that “All men are created equal” however, this does not apply to women in the case. Although some may argue that women are able to reach men’s physical ability, women are emotionally weaker than men. Women, are also the heart of life , they were not made for killing but instead to create life, therefore women should not be allowed to fight into combat. Women tend to be emotionally weaker than men, and this can affect the front lines of combat. As said by a study of everyday health, “Women reported experiencing love and anger much more intensely than men did in another assessment of gender differences in emotional response. These women also smiled more when recalling memories of happiness or love.” This proves that women have a weaker heart than men, causing them to feel more love for others. That can lead to women being more flexible with the way they handle the enemy. This also means that women will become a distraction to men. According to a study published in Social physiological and personality science, “testosterone levels increased in men when attractive women were present. Since testosterone is a sex hormone, and has also been shown to play a role in fight-or-flight responses and risk-taking behaviors, this result is not surprising.”. Women become a distraction to men and it affects the way they perform. As a man and a woman become more attracted, it can lead to sexual desire and want of the opponent. It is against the military that women and men in combat have a relationship. However, when there is attraction between them nothing will be able to stop them. Even when a couple uses a condom or any contraceptives, accidents can happen which leads to a pregnancy. The female has the job of carrying the baby in the womb for nine months. Women are the heart of life. Without the existence of women no one would be here today. As that occurs, they are not allowed into camp and they are forced to be immediately sent home for their own safety. This causes us to lose an official for almost a year if not more, which can eventually affect the way they fight. People argue that women are no different than men. Women can have the ability to be as strong and as fast as a man. This is true to a certain extent. The percentage of women that have the ability to keep up with a man’s physical action is very tiny. As stated by a man during an interview, whose name was not mentioned, who was in the military and trained with women, “They were great but physically there wasn’t a single one of them who can complete a force march, there wasn’t a single female who can keep up even among the weakest guys there… women’s standards are also loosened up compared to men’s”. Women’s availability to fight is met because they are “easier” on them. This is only harming those women because during combat it will all be equal. No matter how hard a female works and trains , men have the physical advantage.
opponent
ReplyDeleteThirteen students from the Great Neck area, a cluster of Long Island communities with top-ranked schools that send virtually all their graduates to college, were implicated in the latest round of charges, filed Tuesday. Seven others were arrested in September.
Prosecutors said 15 high school students hired five other people for anywhere from $500 to $3,600 each to take the SAT or ACT for them. The impostors - all of them college students who attended Great Neck-area public and private high schools - fooled test administrators by showing up for the exams with phony ID.
SAT scores lead to intense stress and students who come from wealthy backgrounds might feel the pressure and pay someone to take their SAT’s for them.
Thomas, James. “SAT Cheating Scandal Widens as 13 More Students Charged in New York.” Fox News. 23 Nov. 2011. 12 Feb 2013.
http://www.foxnews.com/us/2011/11/23/sat-cheating-scandal-widens-as-20-students-charged-in-new-york/#ixzz2KjU3t5Qj
The SAT should be abolished as a method of determining admission into college. It is a poor indicator of how well somebody performs in college. I base my argument on personal experience.
In 1975, my parents divorced, and I took the SAT at that time. At the time, my concentration was poor, my sleep erratic, and I didn't care about the results of the test. I recall taking the test, and remember hearing that the best answer on the test was to answer "B", so this answer was given for the vast majority of questions.
A student might not have a good day the day they take their SATs. They can have personal issues and might be sick the day if and that can significantly impact their scores.
Stoner, Tammy. “Should SAT scores be abolished for college admission decisions?” Helium.com. 19 Jan. 2009. 12 Feb. 2013.
http://www.helium.com/items/1302838-should-the-sat-be-abolished-for-college-admissions-decisions
proponent
High stakes exams can cause anxiety, but yearly testing and frequent practice tests can help kids improve their test-taking abilities over time. Your child can benefit by learning how to handle pressure, and developing the skills and strategies necessary to meet the school's—and her parents'—expectations.
Munoz, Roberta. Make it or Break it: High Stakes Testing Pros and Cons. Education.com. 03 March 2011. 12 Feb. 2013.
http://www.education.com/magazine/article/high-stakes-testing-pros-cons/
From the perspective of both students and society, the reason to go to college is to earn a degree, a goal whose importance is reinforced by national data that indicates the enormous economic premium associated with possessing a baccalaureate. So the empirical question behind the SAT debate can be phrased thus: how strongly are baccalaureate graduation rates correlated with students' admissions test scores, especially when compared to similar correlations based on high school grade point averages.
in each case, the campus that raised its SAT bar saw a substantial gain in graduation rates - in only four years! Stony Brook and Albany: Between 1997 and 2001, Stony Brook increased its average entering freshman SAT score by 7.9 percent to 1164, and its graduation rate rose by 10 percent to 59.2;
When colleges rose their average SAT score for entering freshman, their graduation rates rose. This was because the higher the SAT score was the more likely a student will graduate from that college.
Salins, Peter. “Does the SAT Predict College Success?” Minding the Campus. 15 Oct. 2008. 12 Feb. 2013.
http://www.mindingthecampus.com/originals/2008/10/by_peter_salins_one_of.html
Hi Aremy, your pathos is really strong. I especially like where you have someone speaking form their own experience on how the SAT isn't an indicator of how prepared one is for college. I would suggest you find someone you has had the means to pay for tutors and what kind of preparation money can buy and then tie it in with how low income students do not have that adavntage. Good Job!
DeleteI agree with Estefani. The fact that you have quotes from someone that went throught that situation makes is goog. You can porbably talk about your own experience with tutors or tutoring someone.
DeleteI agree with you guys, also adding someone who has had the privilege to pay for additional tutoring of the sat and compare it to low income, it would strengthen my issue.
Delete1. Ethos
ReplyDelete• James Alan Fox and Marianne W. Zawitz of the Bureau of Justice Statistics discuss various trends in homicides that have occurred in the United States between 1976 and 2005. Concerning the homicide trends from 1976 to 2005 by age, gender, and race of the perpetrator per one hundred thousand population, "Young adults aged eighteen to twenty-four had the highest rate of homicide offenders throughout the period."Homicide offending rates for adults aged twenty-five and over generally declined for all racial and gender groups."Homicide offending rates for African-American and white males under age twenty-five increased dramatically"
•According to Howard N. Snyder and Melissa Sickmund of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, in Juvenile Offenders and Victims, 90% of the overall increase occurred with males killing nonfamily members with guns, usually handguns. Snyder and Sickmund state, "This type of murder increased 400% between 1984 and 1994.
"Guns and Youth." Gun Control: Restricting Rights or Protecting People?. Sandra M. Alters. 2009 ed. Detroit: Gale, 2009. Information Plus Reference Series. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 11 Feb. 2013.
2. Logos
• Guns are used to hunt, for self-defense, to commit crimes, for sporting activities, and to perform military duties. The Second Amendment plainly does not protect the right to use a gun to rob a bank; it is equally clear that it does encompass the right to use weapons for certain military purposes. Whether it also protects the right to possess and use guns for nonmilitary purposes like hunting and personal self-defense is the question presented by this case. The text of the Amendment, its history, and our decision in United States v. Miller, (1939), provide a clear answer to that question
• The Second Amendment was adopted to protect the right of the people of each of the several States to maintain a well-regulated militia. It was a response to concerns raised during the ratification of the Constitution that the power of Congress to disarm the state militias and create a national standing army posed an intolerable threat to the sovereignty of the several States.
Stevens, John Paul. "The Right to Own a Gun Is Not Guaranteed by the Constitution." Is Gun Ownership a Right? Ed. Kelly Doyle. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. At Issue. Rpt. from "Dissenting Opinion, in Supreme Court of the United States, District of Columbia ET AL. v. Heller." 2008. 1-46. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 11 Feb. 2013.
3. Pathos
• The impact of a one handgun a month law would affect only a tiny percentage of the illegal gun market. And in the illegal gun market, like all unregulated markets (i.e. drugs), money will always find a supply. If one of the numerous sources of guns to criminals dries up others will take up the slack. And while it's true that 1 gun per month/12 guns per year would satisfy most shooters.
•The fact is all are equally frightening visualizations. It does not take a specific type of weapon or a certain number of rounds to commit a mass murder; it takes a madman and a contained group of victims with no ability to defend themselves. Charles Whitman, for decades the mass murderer shooter with the greatest body count, had NO weapons capable of holding more than 10 rounds. And in any case, the deadliest mass murders do not involve firearms at all. Twist statistics any way you want, but it is what is in the heart of a mass murderer, not what is in their hand, that determines their lethality.
Wright, Stephen E. "Gun Control Laws Will Not Save Lives." Guns and Crime. Ed. Christine Watkins. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from "Anti-Gun Group Common Sense Gun Laws and Real Common Sense." StephenEWright.com. 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 11 Feb. 2013.
Your logos is strong and parts of your pathos as well. I would focus on those for your essay, it will make it strong.
Delete1. Pathos
ReplyDeleteI had a chance to observe the effects of video games first hand on two boys, ages eight and ten, when I babysat them earlier in the semester. They were playing the video game "Mario Cart," which is really not a very violent game; the object is to win a car race by coming in first while maneuvering through different courses. When the younger brother won, the older brother got up and started kicking him and yelling insults! Later on that day, the younger brother was playing another video game by himself and when he could not beat the level, he threw down the controller and screamed at the t.v. screen, "Why are you doing this to me...?!" and burst into tears. I was very shocked by this reaction and was not quite sure how to handle the situation. This game had brought an eight year old boy to tears, right in front of me.
"If more parents would take the time to play the same things their children are playing _ or even better, play with them _ it would benefit both parents and children," says Schell, who teaches video game design.
2. Logos
Akio Mori, a professor at Tokyo's Nihon University, conducted a recent study observing the effects of video games on brain activity. He divided 260 people into three groups: those who rarely played video games, those who played between 1 and 3 hours three to four times a week, and those who played 2 to 7 hours each day. He then monitored "the beta waves that indicate liveliness and degree of tension in the prefrontal region of the brain, and alpha waves, which often appear when the brain is resting" (4). The results showed a higher decrease of beta waves the more one played video games. "Beta wave activity in people in the [highest amount of video game playing] was constantly near zero, even when they weren't playing, showing that they hardly used the prefrontal regions of their brains. Many of the people in this group told researchers that they got angry easily, couldn't concentrate, and had trouble associating with friends" (4). This suggests two important points. One, that the decrease of beta wave activity and usage of the prefrontal region of the brain may correlate with the aggressive behavior, and two, that the decrease of beta waves continued after the video game was turned off, implying a lasting effect.
The British Association of Anger Management surveyed 204 parents of children aged nine to 18 about their use of computer games. Forty-six per cent said their sons or daughters had become ‘less co-operative’ since they started playing video games.Forty-four per cent said they were more ‘rude or intolerant towards others’, 40 per cent said they were more impatient, 36 per cent reported an increase in ‘aggressive behaviour’, 29 per cent cited more mood swings and 26 per cent said their offspring had become more reclusive.Twenty-eight per cent admitted their children spent 16 hours or more a week playing com- puter games.
The state of Utah was acclaimed with the lowest percentage of children overweight, and was found to have the second lowest proportion of children spending 2 or more hours on TV/Video game play. The District of Columbia, found to have the highest percentage of overweight children, also had the highest percentage nationwide of children spending an incredible 4 hours plus in front of a screen.
3. Ethos
The paper, “How gamers manage aggression: Situating skills in collaborative computer games” published in International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, concerns the results of violent video games, specifically ones with a strong cooperative or competitive focus.According to Science Daily, the data collected included first-hand experience from the research group, observation of third party gamers, and video recordings. What the researchers found was that even in particularly violent games, success involves cooperation with teammates in order to kill other players (in competitive play) or NPCs (in co-op).
Maybe you can add some observations you've seen from any of your siblings or family members that play video games and that are young.
DeleteThanks! I was thinking that but I wasn't sure if it would hurt my credibility but I definitely have examples.
DeleteI agree with Nirvana maybe add examples from your life, but I also like that you are using the example of Mario Cart which is a game that is rated E, which means all kids can play it and it helps back up your claim.
DeleteLogos
ReplyDelete-She maintains that, unlike cigarette smoke, which can harm nonsmokers, indulging in unhealthy foods does not affect anyone other than the consumer. Therefore, she contends, the government has no right to regulate a person's food choices. Moreover, Parseghian argues that determining which foods have too much fat would be difficult, particularly in restaurants where recipes often vary. A veteran of the food industry, Parseghian has extensive professional experience in both restaurant operations and food writing.
Parseghian, Pamela. "Junk-Food Taxes Would Be Unfair and Ineffective." Health. Ed. Auriana Ojeda. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Support High-Calorie Food Tax Proposal? Fat Chance." Nation's Restaurant News 35 (30 Apr. 2001): 44. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
-Danish lawmakers have killed a controversial “fat tax” one year after its implementation, after finding its negative effect on the economy and the strain it has put on small businesses far outweigh the health benefits. …The fat tax comes to an end after netting an estimated €170 million ($216 million) in 2012 in new revenue. Danish lawmakers will slightly raise income taxes and reduce personal tax deductions to offset the lost revenue.
"Fans of a Fat Tax Will Be Saddened by the News From Denmark." Freakonomics RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
Ethos
In fact, a report by the University of Nottingham, and the University of Oxford, states that Introducing tax on unhealthy food, saves at least 3,000 lives a year from heart disease, diabetes, etc.! Even though these universities are in England, its similar to the kind of thing that''s happening in the U.S.. Research shows that 16.6% of deaths in the U.S.. are from obesity, Making that the highest cause of death in the U.S.. Near to overtaking smoking by only 1.5%
"Pros and Cons of Fat Tax." Economics Blog. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
-A study in the British Medical Journal found that fat taxes would have to increase the price of unhealthy foods by 20-percent, to cut consumption enough to reduce obesity.
"Eating Ourselves to Death: The Fat Tax." Ivanhoe Medical Broadcast News. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
Logos
-Growing up I was a skinny and average-weight child, never really had any problems weight-wise. I played football for a recreational league in Georgia and worked hard at becoming a great player. Family issues arose, and I quit playing football. The coaches begged me to come back, but I never did. I was used to the excercise and training, but I was also used to the appetite I gained from doing that. I ate like I was a football player, and along with the family issues, I ate even more because it made me feel better. I was never a social person, so I just stayed indoors and played video games and ate food the majority of the day. I was like this all throughout high school; despite being called the "fat kid," I still continued to eat. I finally reached 260 pounds a little after my graduation date. I got a great job and worked there for about six months, then they fired me for something absolutely outrageous. As time went by, bills were piling up and searching for jobs began to become extremely stressful.
Klein, Sarah. "I Lost Weight: Matthew Quiles Committed To Healthy Eating And Lost 80 Pounds." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 13 Aug. 2012. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
Your ethos is good because the sources are credible like the University and the journal. And I really like your pathos it is a great example that has the potential to create great emotional response. I think you could use more statistics. I don't know if you already researched this but maybe you can find the number of items of junk food sold in the nation. Keep up the good work!
DeleteI completely agree with Estefani. Your research is looking really good, but statistics would make it even better and even stronger.
Deletepathos
ReplyDelete"You can debate theology, and the divide between church and state, the issue of procreation, the red herring of polygamy. But what it all really comes down to is the primary institution of love. The small percentage of people who are gay or lesbian were born with the capacity to love and the need to be loved. These things, above everything, are what make life worth living. And unlike every other minority, almost all of us grew up among and part of the majority, in families where the highest form of that love was between our parents in marriage.”
Sullivan, Andrew. "Why Gay Marriage Is Good for Straight America." The Daily Beast. Newsweek/Daily Beast, 18 July 2011. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
"Same-sex couples are similarly situated to different-sex couples in terms of their economic status, their family decisions, their interdependence, and their valuing of marriage. It’s no surprise, then, that gay couples eagerly take advantage of the right to marry when they have it. Research shows that couples who marry - gay or straight - want to express their commitment to each other and to their family and friends. Same-sex couples want to marry to create a firm personal and legal foundation for their own lives and security for their current and future children.
"Gay Marriage ProCon.org." N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
ethos
"Married couples can help and support each other in a variety of ways because laws and regulations are written to help that happen - for example, people are able to take time off to help their hospitalized spouse. Gay couples who cannot marry don't receive the same help, so much of what gay partners would do for each other must be shouldered by the community at large, unnecessarily draining resources. By solidifying relationships, gay marriage can help stabilize a community overall."
"Arguments for Gay Marriage: Moral and Social Arguments for Gay Marriage." About.com Agnosticism / Atheism. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
"All human beings have certain needs they should not be denied. While views differ on exactly what these needs are, a commonly accepted model is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. This model says that the most basic human needs must be met before other needs can be met. If you were unable to eat, nothing else would matter to you as far as needs at that time. Once physiological needs are fulfilled, humans need to feel safe. In between safety and esteem needs, are love and a sense of belonging. Humans could need the love of their family and friends. This could also be viewed as the human need for meaningful and sexual relationships. If heterosexuals meet their needs for love by marrying someone of the opposite sex and homosexuals cannot marry, are we saying as a society that we do not want homosexuals to meet this basic need?”
The Gay Marriage Decision: Ethics, Morality and Law in Conflict." The Gay Marriage Decision: Ethics, Morality and Law in Conflict. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
logos
"Religious beliefs only hold so much ground in the foundation of our countries law making. The most common argument for the banning of gay marriage is the religious one. However not all religions believe in the concept of banning the marriage between two individuals. Buddhist literature viewed all marriage as a choice between the two individuals involved. One model of marriage argues that committed partnerships on a sexual level are important. They bond two individuals together creating stable households.”
"Why Gay Marriage Should Be Legalized." - DivineCaroline. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
I think you did a good job in the emotional appeal, it was very touching. I think your logos it also quite strong. I think for your ethos, you should put a statistic of the divorce rate difference between same sex couples and opposite sex couples.I remember reading that gay marriages have a lower divorce rate so that can add some more credibility to your paper. Good Job.
DeleteI agree with Anel, I like your pathos. Also, in your ethos, you should probably try to find statistics because that can be the best way to find it credible, but you logos is still strong. And you should and on to what Anel said about the "gay marriages have a lower divorce rate "...
Deletei think for your ethos to make it more credible with statistics you can add percentage of how many married couples compare to gay couples and see the differences and similarities.
DeleteETHOS :
ReplyDelete“ The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to party dissensions, which in different ages and countries has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is itself a frightful despotism. But this leads at length to a more formal and permanent despotism. The disorders and miseries which result gradually incline the minds of ment to seek security and repose in the absolute power of an individual; and sooner or later the chief of some prevailing faction, more able or more fortunate than his competitors, turns his disposition to the purposes of his own elevation, on the ruins of public liberty.” -- Washington’s Farewell Address
“ They want leaders, not politicians, who are committed to the challenges of average people to put a roof over their head and food on their table. They want proof that their leaders are acting for the greater common good and simply out of greed or lust for power.” -- Jesse Ventura “ No More Gangs In Government” (moral ' bad / good')
PATHOS :
“ They want leaders, not politicians, who are committed to the challenges of average people to put a roof over their head and food on their table. They want proof that their leaders are acting for the greater common good and simply out of greed or lust for power.” -- Jesse Ventura “ No More Gangs In Government”
LOGIC:
Reasoning From Example:
And the two-party system has not just narrowed our choices, it's narrowed our thinking. It has deeply infected our political discourse, our media, and our politicians. To paraphrase Einstein, the problems we are facing today cannot be solved by the same level of thinking that created them... Democrats and Republicans need something to spice it up. They need to go on Craigslist and find a third party.--Arianna Huffington) co-founder and editor-in-chief of HuffingtonPost ,” Debating the Two Party System,” www.huffingtonpost.com, posted February 18th, 2011; February 3rd,2013.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/arianna-huffington/debating-the-twoparty-sys_b_824973.html)
Reasong From Consequences :
“Other, legitimate, points of view are excluded. The image created is a false one, a picture of a political landscape that does not exist. There are other points of view.” --Hrafnkell Haraldsson “Is the Two-Party System Best for America?” , www.politicususa.com posted Sep. 29th, 2010, February 3rd,2013
“ They want leaders, not politicians, who are committed to the challenges of average people to put a roof over their head and food on their table. They want proof that their leaders are acting for the greater common good and simply out of greed or lust for power.” -- Jesse Ventura “ No More Gangs In Government”
Reasoning From Comparison:
In the 2012 U.S. Presidential election only 52% of eligible voters participated in the voting process. Whereas in England, a multiparty government, in 2010, 65.1% of eligible voters showed up to the voting booth.
http://www.ukpolitical.info/Turnout45.htm
http://www.abc15.com/dpp/news/national/election-results-2012-voter-turnout-lower-than-2008-and-2004-report-says
I think you logic is very strong. I feel that you have done a lot of research and you also have strong ethics. If you add a little more pathos it will make your essay even better, but overall I feel that you have a lot of evidence from logos.
DeleteLOGOS
ReplyDeletehttp://www.rationalchristianity.net/crusades.html#just
-(Counter argument) Some would say that certain books should be banned because they inspire some to bring harm to others. However, one of the biggest bringers of harm is the Bible, if only to name the Crusades, which were carried out in its name. No one is protesting to ban the Bible, so why should any other book be banned for this reason?
http://www.annenbergclassroom.org/speakouts.aspx?name=should-schools-be-allowed-to-ban-books&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1
-"Although the U.S. Supreme Court rejected efforts to censor books in schools, the efforts to ban some books have not stopped. In 1982 (Board of Education, Island Trees Union Free School District No. 26 v. Pico), the court said school boards cannot remove books from school libraries “simply because they dislike the ideas contained in those books.'”
PATHOS
http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/burning/burning.html
-"Where they have burned books,
they will end in burning human beings." -Heinrich Heine
"Without free speech no search for truth is possible... no discovery of truth is useful... Better a thousandfold abuse of free speech than denial of free speech. The abuse dies in a day, but the denial slays the life of the people, and entombs the hope of the race." -Charles Bradlaugh'
Book censorship can be related to book burning, which was most famously done in Nazi Germany.
ETHOS
-I myself love many 'controversial' works of literature, such as "Catcher in the Rye" and "Fight Club". They've influenced my writing a lot, and I feel as though they've influenced my character for the better. It's clear to me that the characters who are 'bad role models' in these kinds of books are clearly misguided and meant to be the opposite of the intended message, as often the misguided and pessimistic protagonist maybe isn't so bad at the end. Or maybe he's learned something of importance. It doesn't matter; what does matter is they're providing you an insight.
i like your ethos, try to further develop your idea further of books giving a insight. books have morals to them, a lesson to be learned. villains are created to contrast the right from wrong. they give a sense of justice in stories.
DeleteLogos
ReplyDelete-Children exposed to secondhand smoke are at an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), acute respiratory infections, ear problems, and more severe asthma. The report also links second-hand smoke to coronary heart disease and lung cancer in adults and notes that even a brief exposure to second-hand smoke has immediate adverse effects on a person's cardiovascular system.
"Surgeon General Declares Second-Hand Smoke Indisputable and Alarming Public Health Hazard; Nymox (NASDAQ: NYMX) TobacAlert(TM) Product Detects Second-Hand Smoke Exposure." Business Wire 28 June 2006. General OneFile. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
-No doubt, workers could be irritated by ETS, but then, they could also be irritated by perfume. Indeed, excessive perfume is considered an indoor air pollutant in some quarters, along with cooking odors.
Michael D. Shaw Up In Secondhand Smoke: What Does Science Tell Us? 14 March 2005 http://www.gasdetection.com/Interscan_News/health_news_digest6.html. 12 Feb. 2013.
Pathos
-IF you are a smoker, you know you are a prime candidate for heart trouble. So, if you are not a smoker, don't let these tobacco addicts blow smoke in your direction, warns ANNIE FREEDA CRUEZ YOU had better tell your father and brother not to smoke in the house.
And when you are at work, make sure nobody smokes in the office, not even the boss.
For if they smoke and you don't, you become a "passive smoker", someone who comes into contact with "second-hand" smoke.
"Death, passively." New Straits Times 28 May 2006. General OneFile. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
-But in our industry it should be about choice. Going to a restaurant or pub is not a necessity, it is a treat. Most smokers already step outside of a restaurant to have a cigarette. But non-smokers also have the choice not to go into a restaurant or pub that allows smoking."
"Mixed reaction to smoke plan." Europe Intelligence Wire 6 July 2004. General OneFile. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Ethos
-The ability to go into a restaurant without having to ask for a non-smoking area is long over due here. With a smoking ban, customers won't have to worry about smoke filling their so-called non-smoking side of restaurants. Those smokers or restaurant owners who believe that smoke doesn't travel across a room or can't find its way through a door need to take a second look at how smoke travels in their establishments.
"OPINION: Move along with smoking ban." Wyoming Tribune-Eagle [Cheyenne, WY] 30 Sept. 2005. General OneFile. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
-"I know that passive smoking is the real issue but there have always been smoking pubs and it always seemed fine. I don't see why there can't be a mixture of smoking and non-smoking pubs so we can still have a choice. It goes back to the whole issue of the nanny state." -Michael Smith, 29
"Passive smoke ban too late for rosemary." Europe Intelligence Wire 8 Mar. 2006. General OneFile. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
For your ethos, i think there is statistics about the effect of second hand smoking to society or how it is related to certain diseases. Your pathos needs to have a little more emotion, make it seem nostalgic. Your logos is strong. Good job
DeleteEthos:
ReplyDelete“There are many privileges a person gets when they turn 18 years of age. First, and most importantly, they are legally considered an adult. They can vote and enlist in the military. Since 18 is such a pivotal point in a young person's life, many people scoff at alcohol being illegal. It is hard to argue against the “my son/daughter can serve their country for three years without being able to have a legal drink” line of reasoning. If someone is willing to die for their country, why do we assume they aren't responsible to have a beer?”
McConnell, Euan. "3 Arguments For The Lowering Of The Drinking Age In America." Articlesbase.com. Articlesbase.com, 29 Dec. 2009. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Logos:
“Put simply, teenagers have not developed the cognitive, social, and psychological mechanisms that are needed to make thoughtful and logical decisions about alcohol use; in addition, their bodies have not finished their physical maturation process. Thus, the government’s changing the legal drinking age from 21 to a lower age would be the equivalent of endorsing the short-circuiting of the maturation processes that are vital to human development and which pave the way for responsible participation in society.”
Smith, Nicole. "Argument in Favor of Maintaining the Legal Drinking Age." Article Myriad. N.p., 5 Dec. 2011. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos:
“Most teens in modern society turn 21 while in college. This can be troublesome because they are on their own. They are learning about alcohol consumption from their peers, who don't know much more than they do. People make the argument that by lowering the drinking age to 18, parents still have some time to teach their young adults about responsible drinking. As my Seattle criminal lawyer told me, accidents involving binge drinking college students have a much higher mortality rate than alcohol related accidents associated with an older age.”
McConnell, Euan. "3 Arguments For The Lowering Of The Drinking Age In America." Articlesbase.com. Articlesbase.com, 29 Dec. 2009. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
your logos evidence is good but i would add another source stating at what age people's minds fully mature/develop.
DeleteEthos:I'm trying to attack their credibility by pointing out how they determine whats considered "aggressive behavior"
ReplyDelete-The articles focus on different age groups and genders. They also offer different results. A longitudinal study from last year evaluating 700 elementary school age children found that those who witnessed violence, including television violence, were more likely to consider it "normal." Researchers concluded that this desensitization could mean these children were more likely to use aggression with others.
-Another article, published in 2009, evaluated 800 teenagers on their preferences in video games, television and movies. Researchers found that those who preferred violence in the media they consumed were more likely to behave aggressively, suggesting, according to the abstract, "use of violent media may increase the risk of violent behaviors among teenagers."
Marostica, Laura. "Shooting Awakens Debate on Effects of Violence in the Media." DeseretNews.com. N.p., 21 July 2012. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. .
Pathos:examples of extremes will touch people emotionally.
-One was of a steer in a slaughterhouse,
another of a monkey killed and served fresh to connoisseurs in China, and the
third, surgery on a young girl, whose face had to be sliced open and the skin
pulled away from the skull. Few watched these videos to the end. Bloody images
lose their appeal when there are few cues to their unreality. If the violent imagery
does not itself reveal its unreality, the physical environment may do so. We are
aware of holding a book, of sitting in a movie theater or a sports stadium, of
manipulating a joystick or remote control.
Goldstein, Jeffrey. "The Attractions of Violent Entertainment." Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., n.d. Web. 2 Feb. 2013. .
-"When wars take place on the other side of the world, some children expect to find bullets in their back yard. Playing out these scenarios is a way to get control over them," says Jane Katch. "In my kindergarten class, kids played Hurricane Katrina. They were hanging from the monkey bars pretending the water was getting higher. They were reassuring themselves, 'What I saw on the news won't happen to me. I can protect myself.'"
Katch, Jane. "Is It the Media?" PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. .
Logos:the problem isn't the violence itself but distinguishing reality and fantasy when it comes to violence.
-Without background music, awareness of the camera, exaggerated special
effects, or film editing, images of violence are unattractive to both males and
females, according to McCauley's (1998) experiments. In a Scandinavian study,
preschool children typically showed facial expressions of joy while watching
cartoon violence, but showed negative emotions while watching realistic
physical violence (Lagerspetz, Wahlroos, & Wendelin, 1978).
-Her view is supported by a recent flurry of studies looking at boys and their development. Michael Thompson, a psychologist and coauthor of "Raising Cain: Protecting the Emotional Life of Boys," writes that parents often overreact when confronted with toy guns and other games: "Play is play. Violence is violence." The key is making sure that kids distinguish between the two in their play.
Pathos:
ReplyDelete-When she started out as a basketball coach, Pat drove the team van to away games. She washed the uniforms in her own washing machine. One night she and her team even camped out in an opponent's gym because they had no funding for a hotel. But she and her players kept their chins up and their heads in the game. And in 38 years at the University of Tennessee, Pat won eight national championships and tallied more than 1,000 wins--the most by any college coach, man or woman.
Obama, Barack. "Entitled to a Fair Shot." Newsweek 9 July 2012: 10. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Speaking up can be risky. Coach Roderick Jackson complained that his girls' high school basketball team in Birmingham AL was not being treated equally with the boys' team; their uniforms, equipment and other aspects were inferior.He was fired, took it to court without a lawyer and lost. The Women's Sports Foundation backed his appeal to the ust against the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled in his favor under Title IX.
"Title IX is 40 years old: why aren't we there yet?" Women in Higher Education June 2012: 1+. General OneFile. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Ethos:
-Since its enactment in 1972, women's athletic programs have grown exponentially, from less than 30,000 NCAA female athletes in 1972 to almost 151,000 in 2000, according to Washingtonpost.com.
-Considering the significance women's sports now hold, Title IX will give women aid they don't need at the expense of men. This has already happened on several college campuses, such as Providence College, which was forced to cut three men's sports programs to allow room in the budget for female programs that have drawn little interest, according to cnn.com.
Foley, Sara. "Title IX Hurts Men's Sports." Battalion 18 Feb. 2003. Rpt. in Discrimination. Ed. Jacqueline Langwith. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
Logos:
-At the Division I level, men's basketball head coaches average $149,700. By contrast, women's basketball head coaches average $91,300 or 61 cents to the dollar paid to head coaches of men's basketball.
Foundation, Women's Sports. "Title IX Is Necessary to Reduce Sexual Discrimination in Sports." Title IX at 30: Athletes Receive C+. Women's Sports Foundation, 2002. Rpt. in Sports and Athletes. Ed. James D. Torr. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
-For example, although women in Division I colleges are 53 percent of the student body, they receive only 41 percent of the opportunities to play sports, 36 percent of overall athletic operating budgets, and 32 percent of the dollars spent to recruit new athletes.
Annexstein, Leslie I. "Equality is not negotiable--keep title IX intact. (At Issue)." National Voter May-June 2003: 18. General OneFile. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Great emotional appeal!I think all the numbers really enhance your credibility and your points are very clear. Good job, I am sure your paper will be very convincing.
DeleteLogos
ReplyDelete-The domestic hemp industry continues to import hemp seed, hemp oil and hemp fiber for numerous products. These products can all be legally traded in the United States. Most industrial hemp used in U.S. products is imported from Canada. Available trade statistics indicate the value of products labeled hemp imported into the United States was nearly $10.5 million in 2010.
-Such hemp food manufacturers as French Meadow Bakery, Hempzels, Living Harvest, Manitoba Harvest, Nature's Path, Nutiva and Ruth's Hemp Foods make their products with Canadian hemp. Other U.S. companies that make or sell products made with hemp include Dr. Bronner's Magic Soaps, a California company that spends more than $100,000 a year to import hemp oil from Canada, and FlexForm Technologies, an Indiana company that manufactures natural fiber materials for cars.
Hansen, Ray. “Industrial Hemp Profile” 2012. Agriculture Marketing Research Center. Web 12 Feb. <2013http://www.agmrc.org/commodities__products/fiber/industrial-hemp-profile/>
-After three years of research cultivation, Canada is now in its second year of commercial growing. Its main market is the United States
Kane, Mari. "The Movement to Legalize Industrial Hemp." Marijuana. Ed. Joseph Tardiff. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Contemporary Issues Companion. Rpt. from "Growing Pains." E/The Environmental Magazine. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/ViewpointsDetailsPage/ViewpointsDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=OVIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Viewpoints&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ3010202212&userGroupName=inglewood&jsid=9ae5d3548693d9f1740a49131ab08fc5
Ethos:
-Cotton crops in the USA occupy 1% of the country’s farmland but use 50% of all pesticides. [xliv] "The pesticides used on cotton, whether in the U.S. or oversees, are some of the most hazardous available today," says Doug Murray, Ph.D., a professor of sociology at Colorado State University who has studied pesticide use on cotton overseas
-1 acre of hemp will produce as much as 2-3 acres of cotton
Soiferman, Ezra.”Hemp Facts” 1993s.Jack Herer, The Emperor Wears No Clothes. Web 12Feb. 2013 http://www.hempfarm.org/Papers/Hemp_Facts.html
Pathos
I am struggling to find information that would fall under an emotional appeal when it comes to legalizing the growth industrial hemp.
You have a good amount of logos to aid your argument including budget. I think some possible emotional appeals could maybe include people who have personal experience working with hemp or in such industries who feel passionate about this subject or even how it can impact people more than they think.
DeleteThank You Zulema. I will try to find stories about these farmers who aren't allowed to grow industrial hemp.
DeleteEthos:
ReplyDelete1. English is the language of power and progress. In the Philippines, it is highly valued not only because it is functional and practical and washes over us constantly, but more importantly, because it is an affordable item, a skill that can be used to increase one's position, respectability and marketability. In most cases, the better one's ability to understand and use English, the better one's chances of career advancement. This is true for both extremes of the socio-economic ladder. English is as important to the Harvard-educated Filipino working in Manila's cosmopolitan business district as it is to the overseas contract worker working as a domestic helper in Saudi Arabia.
"English in the Philippines by Doray Espinosa." English in the Philippines by Doray Espinosa. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
2. English is regarded as the national language of Australia.1 In 1996, 85% of the population spoke only English at home and less than 1% of the population could not speak English at all. People whose English language skills are lacking face practical problems in education, employment, and access to services. Where there is a lack of a common language there is also a need for interpreter and translation services, and programs of English instruction in schools and in other educational institutions. At the same time, many people from a non-English speaking background desire to see the use of their home language continue in Australia, for reasons of cultural continuity and identity.
"Australian Bureau of Statistics." 4102.0. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Logos:
1. Our country was built upon the freedom to live a life as chosen, while not disturbing or hurting anybody in the process. The First Amendment of our Constitution declares free speech for all. While this is predominantly interpreted as the right to say whatever one wants to say, this could surely include the right to say it in whatever language one chooses. “Congress shall make no law ... abridging the freedom of speech,” the First Amendment reads. By printing government documents only in English, the government is violating the very Constitution it aims to protect and uphold.
"Making English the Official Language Contradicts U.S. History, Constitution." The Patriot-News. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos:
1. "Language is not only a barrier to communication, but also an identifying characteristic of an individual’s ethnicity and national origin. Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination based on race, ancestry, national origin or ethnicity. Section 601 of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 bans discrimination based "on the ground of race, color, or national origin," in "any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” Title VI of the Civil Rights Act provides the foundation for ensuring nondiscrimination in all federal programs and services, including those provided to language minorities."
"Debate: English as the Official Language." N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
2. The immigrant population in the United States is growing increasingly large, and for many immigrants, English is not a first language. One reaction to the nation's increasing cultural and lingual diversity in the workplace is the emergence of English-only rules requiring employees to speak only English on the job. Such rules are disfavored by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the federal agency that enforces federal anti-discrimination laws in the employment setting. Judicial decisions on the subject have gone in different directions, making it difficult for employees and employers to understand the current state of the law.
"National Origin Discrimination and English-Language Only Rules." Findlaw. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
You have strong logos arguments about the language's value here, but its influence in other countries which expands on your credibility. I think some pathos you could include would be of a personal experience or witness of a language barrier or an incident revolving around the idea of having English being an official language.
DeleteI agree with Zulema, you have strong arguments, but by adding someones personal experience with having a language barrier or a bad experience helps make it more sentimental to the reader.
DeleteEthos
ReplyDelete"The child in the womb has been dehumanised by the destruction of the natural order of things. Every child has the indescribable right to life. Today the rights of the child have been written off by marketing choice. The façade of choice is manipulating because abortion causes true harm to others. Children have been killed by a sacrifice for the sake of convenience."
"Discover Happiness: Abortion: The Human Rights Issue of Our Time." Discover Happiness: Abortion: The Human Rights Issue of Our Time. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
Logos
"According to the CDC, at least 44.7% of the women who had abortions in 2009, had obtained an abortion previously in their life. At least 19.5% of women who aborted had at least 2 previous abortions."
"Abortion Statistics." U.S. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos
"After my abortion I suffered symptoms that many women do in the same situation. I had vivid nightmares of killing someone, depression, and irrational desire for a baby. The weight was so heavy that I could not bear to say the word abortion, let alone tell someone I had had one. I remained entirely silent on the matter for more than eighteen years"
"Abortion Testimonies." Abortion Testimonies. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Logos
ReplyDeleteOne key way a gap year tends to improve students' college performance, proponents argue, is by allowing them to depressurize after some 12 years of hitting the books and taking tests. Advocates say that students who defer school for a year return rejuvenated and more motivated to excel.
Grose, Thomas K. "The Lure of the Gap Year." US News. U.S.News & World Report, 16 Aug. 2010. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
If students take a gap year, they are able to earn more money for tuition and are cable to keep up with college fees. If students do not take gap year, they will be stressed with not being able to find aid to be able to pay for their fees.
Torpey, Elka Maria. "Gap Year Students: Time Off, With a Plan." Education.com. Education.com, n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Ethos
Taking a gap year is also linked to higher motivation in college, according to an Australian study of 2,502 students published in August in the Journal of Educational Psychology. Additionally, a student with a higher motivation will be more likely to be into their studies than thinking about dropping out their first year because they could not handle with the amount of work given to them.
Shellenbarger, Sue. "Delaying College to Fill in the Gaps." WSJ.com. The Wall Street Journal, 29 Dec. 2010. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
Colleges have programs that allow students to have a gap year after they are admitted to college. Princeton University’s bridge year program, along with the news that the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill recently received a$1.5 million donation to help freshmen set up a gap year.
Ruiz, Rebecca. "The Gap Year: Breaking up the Cradle to College to Cubicle to Cemetery†Cycle." Nytime.com. New York Times, 24 Sept. 2011. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos:
During my experience so far with high school, I believe that it has absolutely been the most stressful and teachers say that this is nothing compared to college. I would really like to just get a chance to sit back and relax, enjoy the scenery than having my head stuck in books, not getting the liberty to breathe. Also, because of the amount of academics that has to be done, it can start affecting one person and if someone senses that they don’t have the mental capabilities to start school the next, then they should not be pressured. They should have the chance to breathe; do other things than school until they think they are prepared personally to continue on with their academics.
Your logos and ethos are supportive of your arguments. However, to add more view points you should look up other peoples comments for pathos besides your own.
DeleteLogos
ReplyDeleteBased on a survey made by the Northwestern University School of Law, 44.8% of criminologist interviewed, which was the majority, agreed that an increase of executions would have a deterrent effect
"Responses of Criminologists to Belief that Reforms Could Produce a Deterrent Effect." Does Capital Punishment Deter Crime? Ed. Stephen E. Schonebaum. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2010. At Issue. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Under revised laws most states now use a bifurcated (two-part) trial system, where the first trial is used to determine a defendant's guilt, and the second trial determines the sentence of a guilty defendant. In most trials jurors are usually only given the option of either sentencing a convicted felon to life in prison or to death. During a sentencing hearing juries must consider all the aggravating circumstances presented by the prosecution and the mitigating circumstances presented by the defense.
"Death Penalty Laws: Offenses, Sentences, Appeals, and Execution Methods." Capital Punishment: Cruel and Unusual?. Kim Masters Evans. 2008 ed. Detroit: Gale, 2008. Information Plus Reference Series. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos
Seeing the effects of an execution in the family, particularly the effects on children, raises questions for me about the short- and long-term social costs of the death penalty. What kind of message do we convey to young people when we tell them that killing another human being is wrong but then impose the death penalty on someone with whom they have some direct or indirect relationship? Isn't there the possibility that the imposition of the death penalty sends a conflicted message about our society's respect for life.
The death penalty is currently applied to only about 1% of convicted murderers in this country. If imposition of that penalty is really necessary for victims' families, then what of the 99% who are not offered it? Second, and even more critical from a policy perspective, a vague focus on executions as the potential source of closure for families too often shifts the focus away from other steps that could be taken to honor victims and to help victims' families in the aftermath of murder.
"From Testimony of Vicki A. Schieber, Chevy Chase, Maryland, before the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Property Rights, Hearing on 'An Examination of the Death Penalty in the United States,' February 1, 2006." Capital Punishment: Cruel and Unusual?. Kim Masters Evans. 2010 ed. Detroit: Gale, 2010. Information Plus Reference Series. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
Ethos
“The imposition of the death penalty is an appropriate remedy. I further believe that the imposition of the penalty should be imposed within a reasonable time and not unduly delayed. There must be an assurance that those convicted of murder and sentenced to death have received adequate representation, a full review of the legal issues involved and that they are in fact guilty of the crimes charged.” -Commissioner William J. Bratton, Chief of Police
"From Separate Statement of Commissioner William J. Bratton, Chief of Police, Los Angeles, California, in California Commission on the Fair Administration of Justice: Final Report, July 2008." Capital Punishment: Cruel and Unusual?. Kim Masters Evans. 2010 ed. Detroit: Gale, 2010. Information Plus Reference Series. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
This year, according to a recent report from the Death Penalty Information Center, 78 individuals were sentenced to death, the first time the number has dropped below 100 in three decades.
"A matter of life and death." America 16 Jan. 2012: 4. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
1. Logos
ReplyDelete"Its unconstitutional...We know that segregating by race was one of the worst mistakes of our cultural and educational history. With a growing number of publicly-funded single-sex classrooms and schools (more than 500 in 40 states), could we be repeating the mistakes of our past without knowing it? Since 1972, educational discrimination on the basis of sex has been outlawed under Title IX. The designation provided that no student could be banned from activities or classes on the basis of gender. In 2006, the U.S. Department of Education added a clarification: public schools could segregate by sex as long as there was proof of educational benefits..."
"...there's no scientific evidence for positive effects of single-sex schooling...We've all seen the statistics:Girls who attend all girls' school outscore their co-ed counterparts on the SAT by an average of 28 to 43 points, Nearly 100% of girls' school grads go on to college, Girls' school students spend more hours a week doing homework, attending study groups, tutoring others, and working with their teachers than co-ed school students...That all may be true, but not necessarily because of the gender division. Because most same-sex schools are private the numbers can be attributed to certain variables like admissions testing, smaller class sizes, emphasis on education in the home, financial advantages..."
Weiss, Piper. "Why Single-sex Education Is a Bad Idea." Shine. N.p., 23 Sept. 2011. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
2.Ethos
"Social scientists have found that labeling and separating students based on almost any characteristic (e.g., sex, eye color, randomly assigned t-shirts) makes those differences even more salient to the students and produces intergroup bias...students who have been divided by sex for years need help learning how to work and learn together."
"...there is evidence that sex segregation increases gender stereotyping and legitimizes institutional sexism. As a result of prioritizing single-sex classes, these schools don’t have the funds to spend on techniques that have actually been proven to improve academic outcomes, like smaller class sizes and personalized learning environments with mentors, counseling, and other supports. AND, then other schools down the line, like The Freshman Academy, are forced to spend their limited resources undoing the damage done by single-sex classes rather than, again, implementing proven techniques to expand academic achievement."
Bohm, Allie. "The Lasting Impacts." ACLU. N.p., 21 Nov. 2012. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
3. Pathos
"Boys who spend more time with other boys become increasingly aggressive...Similarly, girls who spend more time with other girls become more sex-typed...When you’re talking about separating students, treating them differently, you want to do it in a way that’s constitutional, and you want to make sure that there is adequate justification...[and] safeguard against stereotyping."
"...while girls are better readers and get better grades, and boys are more likely to have reading disabilities, that does not mean that educators should use the group average to design different classrooms. It’s simply not true that boys and girls learn differently,” she said. “Advocates for single-sex education don’t like the parallel with racial segregation, but the parallels are there. We used to believe that the races learned differently, too."
Lewin, Tamar. "Single-Sex Education Is Ineffective." The New York Times. N.p., 22 Sept. 2011. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteEthos:
ReplyDeleteDistracted driving is the number one killer of American teens. Alcohol-related accidents among teens have dropped. But teenage traffic fatalities have remained unchanged, because distracted driving is on the rise. (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and State Farm Insurance Study and NHTSA Study)
Noisy kids in the back seat is one driving distraction that has not been addressed by government initiatives that address dangers of distracted driving. Many parents, trying to reign in quarreling siblings or fishing for dropped or thrown items, take their eyes off the road and endanger their families.
Petrie, David. "Children in the Backseat Are the Worst Distraction for Drivers." Distracted Driving. Ed. Stefan Kiesbye. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from "Distracted Driving: Are Backseat Kids Worse Than Texting?" www.huffingtonpost.com/david-petrie/. 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Logos:
Of those people killed in distracted-driving-related
crashes, 995 involved reports of a cell phone as a distraction (18% of fatalities in distraction-related crashes)
Traffic Safety Facts. N.p., Sept. 2010. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.//www.distraction.gov/research/pdf-files/distracted-driving-2009.pdf
A study cited by the National Transportation Safety Board determined that conducting a cell phone conversation while driving diminishes the speed and quality of a person’s reactions as much as having a blood alcohol level of .08 percent, the legal threshold for drunk driving in all fifty states.
"Distracted Driving." Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection. Detroit: Gale, 2012. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013
Pathos:
The driver had no serious injuries. But Craig suffered a collapsed lung, four broken ribs, and a traumatic brain injury. He spent eight weeks in a coma. After he learned to walk and talk again and eventually returned to school, Craig began sharing his story with other teenagers—so far more than 10,000—to help stop teen texting and driving.
Jackson, Nancy Mann. "Cell Phones and Texting Endanger Teen Drivers." Teen Driving. Ed. Michele Siuda Jacques. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2013. At Issue. Rpt. from "Dn't txt n drv: Why You Should Disconnect While Driving." Current Health Teens (Mar. 2011). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
A current anti-texting campaign launched by AT&T, "Texting and Driving…IT Can Wait'", sends important messages to the public: that the dangers of texting while driving are serious and often have disturbing results. The commercials portray real-life stories of adolescents and adults who are currently dealing with traumatic brain injuries or the death of a loved one as consequences of either writing or reading a text while driving.
"When To Pay Attention - The Consequences of Distracted Driving." Distracted Driving. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
good pathos ..it gives great details and gives the reader emotion.
Deleteethos
ReplyDeleteAccording to a Gallup Poll conducted in Spring of 2001, 58% of Americans believe racial profiling is still occurs despite the fact that it is illegal. The results showed that 93.3% of all drivers were violating traffic laws, of which 17.5% were African-American drivers. He then obtained data from the Maryland State Police and noted that 72.9% of all drivers searched were African American.
N.p., n.d. Web.
logos
The San Diego Police Department has warned citizens that its officers may employ racial profiling tactics in the search for suspected murderer Christopher Dorner.
Sgt. Benjamin Kelso, the president of the San Diego Black Police Officer Association was the one to deliver this message, including himself among those who fit the description of Dorner, a former Los Angeles police officer.
“If you’re an African American man, you could be stopped and questioned,” Kelso said, admitting the reality of the situation. “There are many people that may look like Chris Dorner, myself included. If you are stopped and questioned it’s important to cooperate with officers.”
"San Diego Police Warn Citizens of Racial Profiling as Dorner Hunt Continues." Atlanta Black Star. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Like your ethos because you are convincing the reader by the statistic provided by a well known and relaiable poll. We tend to believe people who are credible. This give your essay credibility
DeleteEthos:
ReplyDeleteAccording to a survey done in 2004 by the Entertainment Software Association, 25 percent of console players and 39 percent of PC game players are women. Also, 40 percent of online game players are women. According to a report by USA today 60 percent of female gamers play on mobile devices says a survey done by EEDAR. The same survey done by EEDAR also finds 63 percent of these female mobile gamers play online multiplayer mobile games. According to another study conducted by the Entertainment Software Association in 2012, 47% of the game playing population is female, and women 18 or older now comprise 30% of all gamers.
An earlier 2010 study by the Entertainment Software Association had found that the percentage of women playing online has risen to 42%, up several percent since 2004. The same 2010 study showed that 46% of game purchasers are female,[and this figure increased to 48% by 2012. In recognition of the importance of the issues of women and girls as game developers and players, the International Game Developers Association, an association of companies and individuals in the games industry, has formed a Special Interest Group on Women in Game Development. This is an active field of discussion and a topic in many conferences in the video gaming industry.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_representation_in_video_games
In terms of pure sales numbers, in the first three months of availability, games with only a male hero sold around 25 percent better than games with an optional female hero. Games with exclusively male heroes sold around 75 percent better than games with only female heroes.
By looking at these trends two things become clear: games that give you a choice of gender are, on average, reviewed slightly better than games with male-only heroes, but the games that sell very well are almost all led by male heroes. If you’re funding a large-budget game and you see these numbers, you see that you lose sales by adding the capability to choose a female hero, and you lose significant sales by releasing a game with a female hero.
http://www.themarysue.com/why-games-with-female-protagonists-dont-sell-and-what-it-says-about-the-industry/
Because of the expansion of female gamers, we’ve seen more and more female protagonists in games. Games like Portal, Bayonetta, Beyond Good & Evil, Tomb Raider, Assassins Creed 3: Liberation, Borderlands 2 and Gravity Rush all feature female protagonists. Unfortunately, studies have shown that games with male protagonists tend to sell more than games with females staring in them. The only way to balance out the amount of male and female protagonists in games is to heighten the amount of women who play video games. If game developers see a larger demographic of players preferring women protagonists, they will listen.
Logos: The truth is, most people who criticize video games for their supposed violence, sexism and immorality aren’t fanatics of games at all. You wouldn’t trust a movie reviewer who’s only watched the trailers. You wouldn’t trust a book reviewer if he/she didn’t enjoy reading. So I ask this: Why would you trust a non-gamer to tell you about games? As an avid video game player, I am here to tell you that there’s much more to video games than what meets the eye. Video games are not sexist. Sure, most games will idealize the images of its characters by breading them with chiseled bodies and exaggerated body features, but this exists among both male and female characters. With other forms of media in mind, video games are possibly the only one who’s managed to break gender roles as far as it has. How often do you read about a lady like Bayonetta who fights through a series of gods to achieve her destiny? How often do you watch a movie about a girl like Jade from Beyond Good & Evil, who uses her detective skills and martial arts to uncover untold secrets of the world? The only reason women in video games like Chun-li and Lara Croft are criticized is for their Barbie-like features, rather than being revered for their intelligence and strength.
Pathos:
ReplyDeleteThe thought of losing a: son, brother, new father, soon to be uncle etc... It is a grim thought that lingers in the mind of families across the nation. Even it is simple signing up for the Selective Service. In times were chaos has engulfed parts of the globe; left and right, an all out war is visible, though far. Having barely emancipated men, who are just heading out on their own, who have their whole lives ahead of them... Be haunted with the fact than in an emergency they can without warning be called to the front lines and possibly abandon all that is near and dear to them forever. Having the news drop on your shoulders that Billy or Joel has been killed in some distant land in a war effort he cared less about leaving a mother expecting a little girl any day. That same trauma, that same grief, pain, and uncertainty can run through one's head just with a signature, click, and blowing out 18 candles.
Carter, Terry Ann. "Wash Your Filthy Hands." Windsor Review: A Journal of the Arts 45.1 (2012): 100+. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Logos:
Why must men be the only ones to be required by law to sign up for the Selective Service and not women? Women deserve full equality and that can include full membership (per say) in the military, and other customs such as signing up for the Selective Service. Women are proven t be as tough, efficient, and deadly as men, but are still left out of some aspects of the full military experience. Sure, women are the life givers, but men and women need each other. In a marital/survival aspects, but why not comrades in arms? Men should not be the only ones subject to the enlisting. At least a small percentage of women should be forced to sign up. Then all could be equal.
McSally, Martha E. "Defending America in Mixed Company: Gender in the U.S. Armed Forces." Daedalus 140.3 (2011): 148+. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Ethos:
When a Representative makes a statement it is kind of difficult to ignore it. When Coffman made the statement that the Selective Service was pilfering money, is pretty bold but right.
In these times, money is scarce and people look to safe as much of their hard earned cash as possible. However, the Selective Service saps money from the government which in turn uses tax payer money. Why would we need mandatory military service when the US has the most powerful army on Earth? We have not needed a draft since Vietnam, and there are no signs of one being needed in the immediate future. The bits of money being used for the Selective Service could be put to better use.
Coffman, Mike. "I still believe we are wasting money on the Selective Service." Hill 9 May 2011: 20. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos: “Someone leaked the information,” Mr. Perez said on the tape, someone who “either didn’t like what we were doing, or they thought they were going to be helpful to the conversation.” “It gave the impression, No. 1, that we were driving something to a vote, which we were not trying to do — we were trying to start a conversation,” Mr. Perez said of the unplanned release of the proposal. “And, No. 2, that we were doing something that we were going to spring on the board.” said Tico A. Perez, scouting’s national commissioner, at a town hall meeting on Tuesday with about 250 staff members and volunteers with the Boy Scouts of America, including the executive board.
ReplyDeleteLogos:"The world I live in is crowded and diverse," May added. "If I'm going to be a citizen, my actions in the world will somehow respect both its crowdedness and its diversity. An attempt to live in a comfortable, homogeneous world is a rejection of the duty of citizenship. It is with great pain that I acknowledge that the Boy Scouts of America has neglected this duty."
Ethos: Instead of mandatory exclusion of gays, the different religious and civic groups that sponsor Scout units would be able to decide for themselves how to address the issue — either maintaining the exclusion or opening up their membership.
Logos: Juvenile delinquency has potentially high stakes for both individuals and society as a whole. Delinquency is linked to higher crime rates in adulthood and other negative outcomes. One estimate suggests that between 50 and 75 percent of adolescents who have spent time in juvenile detention centers are incarcerated later in life. Even in juvenile facilities, though, children may be victimized by staff members. According to a national survey conducted in 2008-09, an estimated 12 percent of young people in juvenile facilities reported sexual victimization by staff members or a peer. Mental health needs are often urgent for adolescents in the justice system. Many have mental illness (estimates range as high as 60 percent, compared with 20 percent among the total adolescent population). In juvenile detention facilities, many of these problems go untreated or are dealt with inadequately. Suicide rates in juvenile detention facilities are more than four times higher than for adolescents overall.
ReplyDeleteBilchik, S. (1999). Juvenile justice: A century of change [Electronic Version]. 1999 National Report Series, Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Available at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/html/ojjdp/9912_2/contents.html. Also see Child Trends DataBank indicator: Young Adults in Jail or Prison.
Pathos: Being in an adult jail, Ryan says, increases a kid's risk of sexual abuse and assault. Educational opportunities are limited. Even good intentions can go awry; teens who are separated for their safety can end up isolated in 23-hour lockdown. And for those eventually convicted of serious crimes in adult court, the damage can be irreparable. "A lot of people say, 'So what? They get a slap on the wrist,"' Ryan says. "Well, there is a consequence. We call it perpetual punishment. You have a felony record that follows you the rest of your life. "Ryan says that can affect college loans and admissions, voting and job prospects.”By cutting off opportunity, it increases the likelihood they'll be back in the justice system," she says. Sheila Montgomery worries about her son, Zack. He recently was released after serving 27 months for being an accomplice in the robbery of an Oregon convenience store. Montgomery says her son, then 15, was struggling with bipolar disorder. He's now 17 and a student again, though his mother says the school was reluctant to accept him."He'll forever be a felon," Montgomery says. "He can't put the past behind him. It was hard for him to find work. A lot of people didn't want to see him."
Ethos: Legislators and prosecutors are presumably aware that brutality is common in these prisons and that they have no specialized rehabilitative programs like those that juvenile facilities are supposed to provide. Nonetheless, according to the federal Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), there are only two states--California and North Dakota--that still prohibit the incarceration of children under the age of 16 in adult facilities. Only six states require that inmates under 18 be housed in separate units from the adult prison population. Nationally, the BJS estimates, some 7,400 teens under the age of 18 were admitted to state prisons in 1997, the last year for which such statistics have been compiled. This was up from 3,400 admissions in 1985. In 1997, the agency reports, 33 adolescents were sentenced to adult prison for every thousand arrested for violent crimes, up from 18 per thousand arrested in 1985. And these sentences were not to be quick, scare-'em-straight experiences. On average, minors convicted of violent crimes were expected to serve a minimum of five years in adult prison. In addition, nearly 10,000 minors were held in adult jails for some period in 1997.
Sasha Abramsky Copyright © 2001 by The American Prospect, Inc. Preferred Citation: Sasha Abramsky, "Hard-Time Kids," The American Prospect vol. 12 no. 15, August 27, 2001 .
Ethos:
ReplyDelete"We, academicians, fully agreed with the Holy Father's statement that "there is no reason for that type of defeatist mentality which claims that laws opposed to the right to life--those which legalize abortion, euthanasia, sterilization and methods of family planning opposed to life and the dignity of marriage--are inevitable and now almost a social necessity. On the contrary, they are a seed of corruption for society and its foundations. The civil and moral conscience cannot accept this false inevitability, any more than the idea that war or interethnic extermination is inevitable." (No. 3, Feb. 11-14, 2000).
Iacobelli, Lou. "Killing by any other name is killing." Catholic Insight Oct. 2009: 5. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Logos:
The most common reason was 'artificial prolongation of life is unnecessary'. Most respondents agreed with the concept of active euthanasia; however, significant differences were sometimes observed in the responses according to variables such as patient's country of origin, age, gender and education level.
Ho, Yun Young, et al. "A survey of the perspectives of patients who are seriously ill regarding end-of-life decisions in some medical institutions of Korea, China and Japan." Journal of Medical Ethics May 2012: 310+. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos:
As I sit here with tears on my face I am recalling the last weeks of my husband's life. Despite wonderful and caring palliative care and endless amounts of analgesic pain relief he still suffered. When he could no longer write his name, close one of his eyes, or make himself understood, the look of anguish on his face was heartbreaking. With all our good intentions and promises of an "easy death", we couldn't legally ease the path any further.
"Pros and cons but sufferers' welfare must come first." Sydney Morning Herald [Sydney, Australia] 24 Oct. 2012: 10. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
America is not the greatest country
ReplyDeleteEthos
1. Sigmund Freud hated America. He couldn’t stand being called “Sigmund” by his informal hosts. He believed that Americans had channeled their sexuality into an unhealthy obsession with money. And he seethed at his own need for the dollars that we had in such unseemly abundance. “Is it not sad,” he wrote to a German friend after World War I, “that we are materially dependent on these savages, who are not a better class of human beings?”
Atsk, Daniel. "The Wall Street Journal." One Hundred Years of Freud in America. Wall Street Journal, 6 Aug. 2009. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
2. As my Harvard Business School colleague Willy Shih and I described in "Restoring American Competitiveness," a recent article in the Harvard Business Review, the U.S. has lost or is in the process of losing the ability to manufacture many of the cutting-edge products it invented
Pisano, Gary. "HBR Blog Network / Is the U.S. Killing Its Innovation Machine?" Harvard Business Review. N.p., 1 Oct. 2009. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos
1.Haleem continued with an acerbic critique of the “mainstream American culture” that he said “cares only about calling into question our legitimacy as a faith community.” American society doesn’t care about the Muslim perspective on issues such as stem cells, Haleem said.
“The only cells America is interested in with regards to Muslims are the terrorist cells,” he said.
Haleem went on with a five-minute list of wrongs he said the federal government and American society committed against Muslims at home and in Iraq since Sept. 11.
Andlauer, Anne. "Scholar Surprised Audience with Critique of American Culture." Scholar Surprises Audience with Critique of American Culture. North by Northwestern, 22 May 2007. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
2.'Discrimination in America today is ultimately a matter of race. Institutional racism pervades possibly every organization in this country, OU being no exception. One of the greatest threats to racial equality is the fact that many white Americans don't actually believe that they are racist. Millions of well-meaning people are nonetheless unconscious participants in racism; media coverage in particular has poisoned the white suburban mind against people of color, and institutional blockades to racial equality threaten the very future of this country. But that's not to say that gender-based and economic discrimination aren't enormous problems, because they are.'Lauren Gargani, 22
Human resources assistant
Is Discrimination in America Today More Related to Race, Gender or Class? Why? Athens, 10 Oct. 2005. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Logos
1. Just under half, 49 percent, of Americans agree with the statement, "Our people are not perfect, but our culture is superior to others," according to a survey from the Pew Research Center. Forty-six percent of Americans say they disagree with the statement.
The percentage of Americans who think their nation's culture is superior has declined in the past decade, according to Pew -- in 2007, 55 percent called American culture superior, while about 60 percent did so in 2002.
"Americans Spilt on Exceptionalism, Poll Says." CBS.News.com. Columbia Broadcast System, 18 Nov. 2012. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.
2. The United States is a nation in decline. Last year the land of the free and the home of the brave came in 10th place in the annual rankings of World’s Happiest Countries. This year the U.S.A. has slipped to 12th.
This marks the first time in the six-year history of the Legatum Institute‘s Prosperity Index that America has not placed in the top 10.
The U.S. has slipped in the areas of Governance, Personal Freedom, and most troubling, in Entrepreneurship & Opportunity.
Helman, Christopher. "The Happiest (And Saddest) Countries In The World." Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 09 Jan. 2013. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos
ReplyDelete"Which leads to a final theme ... the intellectual freedom interests of young people themselves. This is a concept too often impatiently dismissed by child protectionists. Minors are thought sufficiently mature or socialized to understand and resist the ideas that a majority of adults think are not good for them—or, as one federal court put it, youngsters' access to speech must be restricted lest they "get lost in the marketplace of ideas." But is this really the best way to prepare youngsters for adult life in a democratic society? The simultaneous titillation, anxiety, and confusion spawned by forbidden speech zones may do more harm than good."
Heins, Marjorie. "Children Should Not Always Be Protected from Online Pornography." Not in Front of the Children: "Indecency" Censorship, and the Innocence of Youth. Rutgers University Press, 2007. Rpt. in Online Pornography. Ed. Emma Carlson Berne. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2007. Opposing Viewpoints
“These ISP-level filters would:
Be simple, requiring all UK-based ISPs to restrict universal access to pornography.
Avoid censorship as they would allow over 18s to opt-in and restore access to porn (based on age verification).
Be comprehensive, while it is recognized that no system will ever be 100% effective.
Protect better than current PC/device-level filters, which are easily worked around.”
http://www.safermedia.org.uk/blockporn.htm
^^^ Important, soon will find quote by credible source. Filters as censorship? Don't children have rights to view everything or should we take their fundamental rights?
Logos:
ReplyDeleteReasoning from authority ,testimony, and statistics
1."RAND California Login Script." RAND California Login Script. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. .
2.""RAND California Login Script." RAND California Login Script. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. <http://ca.rand.org/cgi-bin/annual.cgi
Reasoning from examples:
1.Florida's balmy winter temperatures have long been a draw for visitors eager to spend some time under canvas, sleeping on cots and enjoying the great outdoors. But a new plan to expose some of the state's inmates to the delights of year-round 'camping' has failed to evoke the same enthusiasm.
Faced with a budget deficit of $2.3 billion, Florida is saving money by buying giant tents to house prisoners at nine of its 137 facilities. With its prison population having passed 100,000 for the first time this month [December 2008], corrections officials say that the hundreds of extra beds will also help address potential overcrowding problems.
The state isn't the first to try the idea. Michigan, Colorado, Arizona, and Hawaii are among those that have considered or used tents to better manage prison populations. But Florida, with the third-largest corrections system in the country (after California and Texas) is the biggest and the first to try it on such a scale.
So far 36 tents, each able to house 22 inmates, have been set up at eight prison sites in north Florida, and one in the south, and the state has 20 more in reserve.
2."However many they build, they're going to fill them," says Bill Sheppard, a Jacksonville attorney who has represented inmates in numerous actions involving prisoners' rights and conditions. "In August, in a tent, with the heat in Florida, your brain's going to boil, and that ain't a very good thing," Mr. Sheppard says. "They've tried this before, and were made to take the tents down, now they're trying it again and it will fail again."
"The technology of the type of tent may have changed, and the law may have changed, but it didn't work then and it won't work now," he says.
Luscombe, Richard. "Some States May House Prisoners in Tents." Prisons. Ed. James Haley. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Current Controversies. Rpt. from "At Overcrowded Florida Prisons, Some Inmates May Just Camp Out." Christian Science Monitor (30 Dec. 2008). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Reasoning from comparisons:
ReplyDelete1. Overcrowding directly affects prisoners' mental and physical health by increasing the level of uncertainty with which they regularly must cope. One useful psychological model of the negative effects of overcrowding emphasizes the way in which being confined in a space that is occupied by too many people increases the sheer number of social interactions persons have that involve "high levels of uncertainty, goal interference, and cognitive load ..." Thus, crowded conditions heighten the level of cognitive strain that persons experience by introducing social complexity, turnover, and interpersonal instability into an already dangerous prison world in which interpersonal mistakes or errors in social judgments can be fatal. Of course, overcrowding also raises collective frustration levels inside prisons by generally decreasing the resources available to the prisoners confined in them. The sheer number of things prisoners do or accomplish on a day-to-day basis is compromised by the amount of people in between them and their goals and destinations.
2.Overcrowding directly affects prisoners' mental and physical health by increasing the level of uncertainty with which they regularly must cope. One useful psychological model of the negative effects of overcrowding emphasizes the way in which being confined in a space that is occupied by too many people increases the sheer number of social interactions persons have that involve "high levels of uncertainty, goal interference, and cognitive load ..." Thus, crowded conditions heighten the level of cognitive strain that persons experience by introducing social complexity, turnover, and interpersonal instability into an already dangerous prison world in which interpersonal mistakes or errors in social judgments can be fatal. Of course, overcrowding also raises collective frustration levels inside prisons by generally decreasing the resources available to the prisoners confined in them. The sheer number of things prisoners do or accomplish on a day-to-day basis is compromised by the amount of people in between them and their goals and destinations.
Haney, Craig. "Overcrowding in American Prisons Is Inhumane." America's Prisons. Noah Berlatsky. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Prison Overcrowding: Harmful Consequences and Dysfunctional Reactions." Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos:
1."Children routinely face humiliation and other forms of emotional abuse as well as severe physical abuse at the hands of guards.... Only nine months ago, 17-year-old Emmanuelle Narcisse was killed by a guard in another of Louisiana's facilities by a single blow to the head that was witnessed by dozens of other children."
Greene, Judith. "U.S. Prisons Are Not Humane." America's Prisons. Ed. Clare Hanrahan. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2006. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Examining Our Harsh Prison Culture." Ideas for an Open Society 4 (Oct. 2004). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
2.I recently watched a video of a "focus group" on crime conducted by a Republican pollster and consultant. In discussing a recent shooting of a teacher by a 13-year-old African-American middle-school honor student, the consultant asked the group what they would do in such a case. Their response seemed even to embarrass him as he tried to smile away the comments of this scientifically chosen "average" group of local citizens. "Fry him!" came the insistent shouts from the group as the 13-year-old's situation was being presented. Only one older African-American man remained silent.
Miller, Jerome. "The Prison System Does Not Work." America's Prisons. Ed. Roman Espejo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2002. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "American Gulag." Yes! A Journal of Positive Futures (Fall 2000). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Logos:
ReplyDelete“After watching just half an hour of violence, children have more devious and aggressive thoughts, are more likely to inflict punishments, and are less likely to cooperate.”
Phillips, Helen. "On-Screen Media Are Changing the Human Brain." What is the Impact of Cyberlife? Ed. Andrea Demott. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. At Issue. Rpt. from "Mind-Altering Media." New Scientist 193.2600 (21 Apr. 2007). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
“After carefully evaluating these comments and relevant precedent, we find that Congress could impose time channeling restrictions on excessively violent television programming in a constitutional manner. Just as the government has a compelling interest in protecting children from sexually explicit programming, a strong argument can be made ... that the government also has a compelling interest in protecting children from violent programming and supporting parental supervision of minors' viewing of violent programming. We also believe that, if properly defined, excessively violent programming, like indecent programming, occupies a relatively low position in the hierarchy of First Amendment values because it is of "'slight social value as a step to truth'" [Pacifica]. Such programming is entitled to reduced First Amendment protection because of its pervasiveness and accessibility to children pursuant to the U.S. Supreme Court's reasoning in Pacifica.”
Commission, Federal Communications. "The Government Has the Power to Regulate Violence on Television." Media Violence. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Law and Policy Addressing the Distribution of Violent Television Programming." In the Matter of Violent Television Programming and Its Impact on Children. Federal Communications Commission, 2007. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Pathos:
“Devin Moore was just 18 when he was taken to an Alabama police station for questioning about a stolen car. He was initially cooperative, but then lunged for his captor's gun. He shot the man twice and ran out into the hallway where he shot a second policeman three times. He let off five shots at a third man before making his escape in a police car. All three men died from shots to the head. When Moore was finally captured, he is reported to have said, "Life is like a video game. You have to die sometime." Two years on, he sits on death row.”
Phillips, Helen. "On-Screen Media Are Changing the Human Brain." What is the Impact of Cyberlife? Ed. Andrea Demott. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. At Issue. Rpt. from "Mind-Altering Media." New Scientist 193.2600 (21 Apr. 2007). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
“Then came Columbine,1 a psychic breaking point for so many of the American people. It was a warning that the culture of carnage surrounding our children may have gone too far, and that the romanticized and sanitized visions of violence our children are being bombarded with by the media had become part of a toxic mix turning some of them into killers. So we pleaded with the leaders of the entertainment industry to join us at the table ... and work with us to reduce the risk of another student rampage and help us fight the larger problem of youth violence.”
McIntyre, Jeff. "The Media Contribute to Youth Violence." Juvenile Crime. Ed. Andrea C. Nakaya. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "statement before the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Telecommunication and the Internet, Committee on House Energy and Commerce." 2004. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Ethos: “Helen Phillips is a prize-winning science journalist specializing in neuroscience at New Scientist magazine in England.
ReplyDeleteThe electronic age is changing the human brain. Some studies find that television and video games may increase intelligence by improving visual attention and problem-solving. Others suggest cyberspace amplifies natural personality traits, with the extroverts becoming more social and the introverted more isolated. The news about on-screen violence is generally bad, though, with high levels of television viewing increasing the likelihood that children will behave aggressively towards others. Furthermore, violent video games are more worrisome than TV because they are interactive, and children learn from being rewarded for getting things right.”
Phillips, Helen. "On-Screen Media Are Changing the Human Brain." What is the Impact of Cyberlife? Ed. Andrea Demott. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. At Issue. Rpt. from "Mind-Altering Media." New Scientist 193.2600 (21 Apr. 2007). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
“Television is an integral part of the lives of American families. An average American household has the television set turned on 8 hours and 11 minutes daily, and children watch on average between two and four hours of television every day. Depending on their age, one to two thirds of children have televisions in their bedrooms. By the time most children begin the first grade, they will have spent the equivalent of three school years in front of the television set.”
Federal Communications Commission. "Television Violence Adversely Affects Children and Should Be Regulated." Media Violence. Ed. Noah Berlatsky. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Violent Television Programming and Its Impact on Children." Vol. 7. 2007. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Should Women be allowed into combat?
ReplyDeleteShould women be allowed to the front line is a debatable question that still cannot be answered. The constitution states that “All men are created equal” however, this does not apply to women in the case. Although some may argue that women are able to reach men’s physical ability, women are emotionally weaker than men. Women, are also the heart of life , they were not made for killing but instead to create life, therefore women should not be allowed to fight into combat.
Women tend to be emotionally weaker than men, and this can affect the front lines of combat. As said by a study of everyday health, “Women reported experiencing love and anger much more intensely than men did in another assessment of gender differences in emotional response. These women also smiled more when recalling memories of happiness or love.” This proves that women have a weaker heart than men, causing them to feel more love for others. That can lead to women being more flexible with the way they handle the enemy. This also means that women will become a distraction to men. According to a study published in Social physiological and personality science, “testosterone levels increased in men when attractive women were present. Since testosterone is a sex hormone, and has also been shown to play a role in fight-or-flight responses and risk-taking behaviors, this result is not surprising.”. Women become a distraction to men and it affects the way they perform. As a man and a woman become more attracted, it can lead to sexual desire and want of the opponent.
It is against the military that women and men in combat have a relationship. However, when there is attraction between them nothing will be able to stop them. Even when a couple uses a condom or any contraceptives, accidents can happen which leads to a pregnancy. The female has the job of carrying the baby in the womb for nine months. Women are the heart of life. Without the existence of women no one would be here today. As that occurs, they are not allowed into camp and they are forced to be immediately sent home for their own safety. This causes us to lose an official for almost a year if not more, which can eventually affect the way they fight.
People argue that women are no different than men. Women can have the ability to be as strong and as fast as a man. This is true to a certain extent. The percentage of women that have the ability to keep up with a man’s physical action is very tiny. As stated by a man during an interview, whose name was not mentioned, who was in the military and trained with women, “They were great but physically there wasn’t a single one of them who can complete a force march, there wasn’t a single female who can keep up even among the weakest guys there… women’s standards are also loosened up compared to men’s”. Women’s availability to fight is met because they are “easier” on them. This is only harming those women because during combat it will all be equal. No matter how hard a female works and trains , men have the physical advantage.
http://www.everydayhealth.com/emotional-health/gender-differences-in-emotional-health.aspx
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ls15DQ48xgQ