Reasoning from consequences- If children watch too much TV they are keeping themselves from academic achievements.
Reasoning from comparisons- "Students in the top 5% of their class read 144 times more than students in the bottom 5%". (Preddy, 2007). Students who read more than watch TV do exceptionally better in school than those who watch TV or neglect their school work.
Reasoning from example- As a senior who has consumed more TV than I care to admit , I am personally worried that it has affected me especially after what I have read from research. I have done well in school, but could I have done better if I had put a limit on TV ?
Reasoning from statistics- For the adults who consume an excessive amount of TV without exercising or taking part in a conductive activity, consequences are worse. "Every additional two hours people spend glued to the tube on a typical day, their risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases by 20% and their risk of heart disease increases by 15%"
Gardner, Amanda. "TV Watching Raises Risk of Health Problems, Dying Young." CNN. Cable News Network, 14 June 2011. Web. 30 Jan. 2014. .
PATHOS Imagine a parent dying after being a couch potato and their child discovering them on the couch after having a heart attack (too much?). Most may say he shouldn't have watched so much TV and have no type of active life. But what about the child who left to college who couldn't help that their father was like that? Their now left to conduct duties they didn't imagine doing at that time. What's even more unfortunate is that this scenario is possible. It's possible because "people over 65 average 48 hours a week, or nearly seven hours a day" (Hinckley).
Hinckley, David. "Americans Spend 34 Hours a Week Watching TV, according to Nielsen Numbers ." NY Daily News. Nydailynew.com, 19 Sept. 2012. Web. 29 Jan. 2014. .
ETHOS
According to Nadra Nittle, an Black American woman author who writes about the issues of race,minorities spend 4 and half more hours watching TV than their white counterparts. This could be why the amount of whites admitted to universities is the highest.
Reasoning from consequences: “Another common criticism is that as a form of reverse discrimination, affirmative action keeps societies aware of the barriers that divide it and actually perpetuates alienation and resentment between ethnically diverse groups, thus increasing rather than reducing racial tension,”(History).
-White Americans are negatively impacted by affirmative action. Affirmative action was created to "level the ground" for minorities because minorities come from disadvantageous backgrounds. However, that is an erroneous assumption. Not all minorities are at disadvantages, just as all whites have unlimited resources to succeed academically. Low income whites face discrimination because they face challenges due to lack of resources, but are not awarded if they excel in school because they are part of the majority, so they do not contribute much diversity. The consequence of affirmative action is reversed discrimination.
Logos cause-effect “Students admitted on this basis are often ill-equipped to handle the schools to which they've been admitted,” (Balanced). • If students are admitted to colleges based on race instead of merit, there is no assurance that those students have the skills needed to succeed in the school.
Pathos “Because of affirmative action, a minority may beat out someone more capable for a job or school, simply because of race or gender,” (Affirmative). • People who truly have the qualifications for a school might not be accepted because his/her spot was given to someone based merely on race.
"History and Debate of Affirmative Action." Affirmative Action Debate. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.
"BalancedPolitics.org." - Affirmative Action (Pros & Cons, Arguments For and Against, Advantages & Disadvantages). N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2014.
"Affirmative Action Pros and Cons." Do Something. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.
In the United States there are 85.4 million mothers and only 5 million decide to become stay at home mothers. The rest of the 80.4 million mothers have to turn to the 75,396 childcare centers across the country in order to help mothers “juggle motherhood and careers”
United States Census Bureau http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/cb12-ff08.html
This is ethos authority because the website is a government website and gains the audience’s trust. Now they are able to believe what I am going to tell them. This supports my argument because I am able to show the amount of mothers depriving the children the right to spend time with their mothers.
Mothers who stay at home are best for the children. “Attatchment theory” authors like Donald Winnicott and John Bowly are psychologists who believe that attachment to the mother is “essential to normal social and emotional development in the child”. If a mother stays at home they will be able to create a strong loving bond with the children to ensure that they know when the child is happy and feeling sad. When the child grows up, the housemother will be able to know when their child is tardy, absent, and notice problems. They also will be involved in child’s activities in school- PTA meeting, sports events, field trips etc.
Patterson, Child development-This is logos reasoning from authority because I have evidence form experts, which in this case are the psychologists. This affects my credibility positively. It is logos because I logically explain the outcomes that will come out of a good and healthy relationship between a mother who stays at home and takes care of her children since a young age. Bowlby and King, 'Fifty Years of Attachment Theory: Recollections of Donald Winnicott and John Bowlby.' Reasoning from experience logos with feeling- My personal experience * PATHOS I grew up with a mother who worked for long hours, and I wasn’t able to see her much only on the weekends. I always wanted to spend time with her after work, but she was always tired from all the work she endured at her job. Now that she no longer works I am barely establishing a great connection with her that I wish I had a long time ago.
Counterargument- Usually people believe that family’s need financial support, therefore the mother should work, but childcare is so expensive that financially a mother working is no better. Childcare support systems should be provided by the state to allow mothers to educate their children in their early years.
BBC News, 'Childcare 'may not lessen poverty'' http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/3198412.stm
Reasoning from consequences- If women are allowed to have abortions after the first trimester then the risks of the process being dangerous increase and the baby may feel pain.
Reasoning from comparison- Boya Nandini (19) of Vidyadharapuram died allegedly after consuming pregnancy-termination capsules brought by her boyfriend.
Reasoning from example-A 13-year-old girl was a victim of incest by her uncle who had lived with the family for six months. By the time the girl's mother discovered her pregnancy, she was 17 weeks along. Her quiet demeanor, interpreted by her mother as ideal behavior, unfortunately delayed the detection of her pregnancy. We performed her abortion, but the family was understandably deeply shocked by the circumstances of the abortion.—possible counterargument Between 20 and 24 weeks- This type of abortion takes three days. The third day the doctor uses ultrasound to locate the legs of the fetus he then clamps the legs with the pliers to deliver the baby to the head. Scissors are inserted into the base of the skull to remove brain. Then the fetus is removed. Reasoning from authority- “As early as eight to ten weeks after conception, and definitely by thirteen-and-a-half weeks, the unborn experiences organic pain…. First, the unborn child's mouth, at eight weeks, then her hands at ten weeks, then her face, arms, and legs at eleven weeks become sensitive to touch. By thirteen-and-a-half weeks, she responds to pain at all levels of her nervous system in an integrated response which cannot be termed a mere reflex. She can now experience pain” Pathos
With sonograms, or visual images produced from an ultrasound examination, neonatologists and nurses are able to see unborn babies react physically to outside stimuli such as sound, light and touch. Surgeons entering the womb to perform corrective procedures on the tiny unborn babies have seen them flinch, jerk and recoil from sharp objects and incisions.
Ethos Joan Bengtson, M.D., is assistant professor of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive biology at Harvard Medical School and a member of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproduction at Brigham and Women's Hospital. During an abortion the uterine contents are removed through the vaginal canal and the abdominal cavity is undisturbed. However, if there is a complication such as perforation of the uterus or pelvic infection, adhesions affecting the intestines may occur.
Parker, Willie. "Late-Term Abortions Should Not Be Banned." Are Abortion Rights Threatened? Ed. Tamara L. Roleff. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2013. At Issue. Rpt. from "A Perspective on Later Abortion ... From Someone Who Does Them." Conscience 33.1 (Spring 2012). Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 31 Jan. 2014.
Reasoning from consequences: If Americans believed what the president and government said then there can be evidence that can prove them wrong.
Reasoning from authority: “Mylroie has an impressive array of credentials that certify her as an expert on the Middle East, national security, and, above all, Iraq. She has held faculty positions at Harvard and the U.S. Naval War College and worked at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, as well as serving as an advisor on Iraq to the 1992 Clinton presidential campaign.”
Reasoning for example: " However, the most comprehensive criminal investigation in history—involving chasing down 500,000 leads and interviewing 175,000 people—has turned up no evidence of Iraq's involvement, while the occupation of Iraq by a substantial American army has also uncovered no such link.”
Pathos The lives of many Middle Eastern families and people were greatly affected by these accusations that can be proven to be right or wrong. It created a mass hysteria in America which leads to almost a sense of phobia against Middle Eastern people in: buildings, and areas of transportation.
Bergen, Peter. "Claims That Iraq Was a Terrorist Threat Are Unfounded." War. Ed. John Woodward. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2006. Current Controversies. Rpt. from "Armchair Provocateur." Washington Monthly (Dec. 2003). Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 31 Jan. 2014.
Thesis: Due to overseas outsourcing American Companies are increasing their profit, while on the homefront the unemployment rate is increasing. American companies the participate in overseas outsourcing should make jobs available locally to help fix today’s economy. Logos: Reasoning from Authority - "to outsource range from better-serving overseas markets to increasing the competitiveness of American business"(Weidenbaum). Companies in developed tend to outsource overseas because of costs. Companies in want to pay their employees as little as possible. Through outsourcing overseas to mainly underdeveloped countries companies are able to maintain financial stability.
Weidenbaum,Mary. Sciencedirect. July 2005. 30 Jan2014 [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007681304001260]
Reasoning From Statistics - “outsourcing customer service is associated with a drop of roughly 1% to 5% in a company's market capitalization,”(Whitaker,Krishnan, and Fornell). Major Companies look to outsourcing as a way to gain more money, but may actually end up losing money depending on the industry their in. Keeping the jobs local could create potential customers and can even fix the economy.
WHITAKER,JONATHAN, M.S. KRISHNAN, AND CLAES FORNELL. The Wall Street Journal. 13 Sept. 2013. 30 Jan 2014[http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB121441852405104029]
Ethos: “American Companies send jobs overseas and bring the profits back to the U.S with very little tax liability” (Jilani). Businesses often send jobs overseas in order to gain more profit and pay a small amount of taxes. Instead of these companies helping out the economy. they are mainly looking out for themselves.
JILANI,ZAID.Think Progress.19 APRIL 2011.30 Jan 2014 [http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2011/04/19/159555/us-corporations-outsourced-americans/]
Pathos: “Today’s Economy has lost over 760,000 jobs”(Obama-Biden). That means that a large amount of Americans are on unemployment, which only provides support for one year. So if that person has not found a job within that timespan, they are left with no funds. What if that person has a family to provide for and can not perform that duty. Due to outsourcing overseas Americans have lost something that this “great” country has promised. A chance at the American Dream.
Obama,Barack, Biden, Joe. 31 Jan 2014. 30 Jan 2014 http://change.gov/agenda/economy_agenda/
Logos from Consequence: By accepting the idea that there are extra-terrestrial life forms in the universe, we concede with the idea that civilizations are credible. By dismissing this idea, we are saying that the ancient civilizations, more than just one, are simply making up stories to be passed down; in reality they were practically the most advanced during their era. Logos from Authority: “Biologist Uvan Ivan Sanderson…called the attention of the world to some gold pre-Columbian artifacts, centuries old, produced by indigenous cultures. According to hi, those were reproductions of jet aircrafts, a conclusion supported by Dr. Arthur Poyslee, of the New York Aeronautic Institute.” Logos through Statistics: Though this fact is not as remarkable, the positioning of the three Pyramids of Giza are exactly aligned with the position of the three stars in the belt of Orion, both in position and in size. While it is possible, it would create many difficulties for the Egyptians in terms of measuring huge distances. Not only this, but in fact, at the time that the pyramids were supposedly built (about 3000 BC), the stars that make up the Belt of Orion were not exactly at the correct angle to match up with the pyramids. If the location of the stars is traced back over thousands of years, the time at which the belt is exactly aligned with the pyramids is in fact 10,500 BC. "Ancient Astronauts Photo Gallery." Ancient Astronauts Photo Gallery. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. . "Alien Evidence - Egypt." Alien Evidence - Egypt. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2014. .
“The world population has topped 6 billion people and is predicted to double in the next 50 years. Ensuring an adequate food supply for this booming population is going to be a major challenge in the years to come. GM foods promise to meet this need in a number of ways.”
-If GMO foods are banned, how are countries supposed of feed the growing population? As of now, GMO foods have not been proven to be a health risk.
Reasoning from comparisons-
“Brazilian farmers, however, have resorted to smuggling GM soybean seeds into the country because they fear economic harm if they are unable to compete in the global marketplace with other grain-exporting countries.”
-While the U.S does not ban GMO foods, in Brazil they do and it seems like businesses in Brazil do not like that because it puts them in an economic disadvantage globally.
Reasoning from example-
“Billions of people have eaten genetically modified food over the past two decades. Not one problem has been found.”
-Without knowing it, people have been eating GMO foods. If GMO foods weren’t healthy, then why hasn’t a single problem been documented concerning health risks for having eaten a GMO food.
Reasoning from authority, testimony, and statistics-
“Bruce Chassy, a professor emeritus of food science and human nutrition at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, believes that after thousands of research studies and worldwide planting, “genetically modified foods pose no special risks to consumers or the environment” and are overregulated.”
-A professor of a University is a credible and reliable source. He is saying that GMO foods have no health risks for people who consume these genetically modified foods.
ETHOS-
An Iowa State University food science professor, Ruth MacDonald, said there is no science to show that eating modified foods is harmful, so it’ fine to eat them.
PATHOS-
“The world population has reached 6 billion people and is predicted to double in the next 50 years. The more increasing of population will lead to the more requirement of food and also the lack of suitable land for agriculture. Therefore, when the population is growing dramatically like this, many people would die and many children are malnourished because of food shortage. Ensuring an adequate food supply for this booming pollution is going to be a major challenge in the near future. One of the most solution for this problem is the GMF because of it potential in solving world’s hunger and malnutrition. With many kind of products, including potatoes, corn, soybeans, beets, and rice, etc, GMF can replace apart of normal foods.”
"Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful?" Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful? Web. 28 Jan. 2014.
"Do You Agree or Disagree? Genetically Modified Food (Gmf) Should Be a Good Solution to the World's Increasing Population. Use Specific Reasons and Examples to Support Your Answer." StudyMode. Web. 30 Jan. 2014.
Thesis: Becoming vegetarian can seem like a hard transition when meat has become a strict part of our daily American diets. Giving up a cheeseburger or chicken nuggets, has now become easier and maybe even the key to living a longer life.
Logos: People report that when they adopt a vegetarian diet, their range of foods explodes from a center-of-the-plate meat item to a range of grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables that they didn't even know existed.
It is true, vegetarians eat just that. Veggies are a big part of a vegetarian diet. Although vegetarian do not eat any type of meat, including fish and white meat there are many recipes that can accommodate vegetarian diets. Many restaurants now, even have vegetarian menus. Becoming vegetarian does not mean that you do not eat all of “the good foods”.
"Top Ten Reasons To Go Vegetarian." Alternet. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan.
Ethos: "No chemical carcinogen is nearly so important in causing human cancer as animal protein."
One of the main reasons that people refrain from becoming a vegetarian is because they think they are going to miss out on a main source of protein; meat. Now, becoming vegetarian is not just eating vegetables all day. There are different sources of protein that can be even more healthy that meat. For example, tofu or beans.
"Top Ten Reasons To Go Vegetarian." Alternet. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan.
Pathos: Ten billion animals are slaughtered for human consumption each year. And, unlike the farms of yesteryear where animals roamed freely, today most animals are factory farmed: —crammed into cages where they can barely move and fed a diet tainted with pesticides and antibiotics. These animals spend their entire lives in crates or stalls so small that they can’’t even turn around. Farmed animals are not protected from cruelty under the law——in fact, the majority of state anticruelty laws specifically exempt farm animals from basic humane protection.
It is not in everyones nature to care deeply about animals because they do not carry the same status as “humans”. However, taking into consideration the inhumane situations they are in, we can reconsider what we eat. If it is not ethical to eat domestic pets, how does a cow or a pig differ?
"Why Go Vegetarian or Vegan? | Vegetarian Times." Vegetarian Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2014.
Logos: "Moreover, what happened to common sense and personal responsibility in this country? After all, cable and satellite boxes, personal computers, and Internet connections didn’t just magically appear in our homes; we put them there! Once we voluntarily bring these devices into our homes we shouldn’t ask government to assume the bulk of the responsibility for then minding our children."
It is obvious that we, consumers, bought our own television. Some people want the government to have the power to censor what is shown on television but really, it is our decision since we bought it. We knew that this would be a consequence, so essentially we have the power whether we want to be expose to certain things shown on television or not.
Thierer, Adam. Cato Institute. 29 March 2004. Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial. 31 January 2014.
Ethos: "It's a tough year for network censors struggling to keep up with the hippie culture's profusion of drug slang. Ed Sullivan requests that The Doors change the lyric "Girl, we couldn't get much higher," since it sounds suspiciously like a drug reference."
CNN has written an article about the history of censorship and how even back in the sixties, censorship on television was really the same as now. Jim Morrison was told to please change the word "higher" to "stronger," but of course he did not listen and so that made a legendary remark on why we should not censor television; honestly, what child would be watching the sullivan show?
N.P. CNN.com. 1 Aug 2007. CNN. 31 Jan 2014.
Pathos: "I think it’s only natural for our first reaction to possibly be that we assume there would automatically be constant f-words and racial slurs, marathons of pornography, and live assassinations and other types of violent, bloody viewings of people losing their lives."
This explains the fears of parents and what the parents fear if the censorship was to be taken out. However, they are all exaggerated fears because there are certain things television cannot show. Plus, again, parents should have the authority to control what they believe is right for their child to be exposed to.
Shell, Nick. Parents. 23 Sept 2012. N.P. 31 January 2014
Logos: "That the ideal female beauty comes in the European package of white skin, rosie cheeks, and small facial features. That all women feature the”coke bottle” figure. If you look closely at the classic female characters you will see them in the cast as the damsel in distress, barely clothed, and always searching for “prince charming”. These animated films perpetuate the notion to all young girls that they must be sexy, weak, and married." -It is apparent that women are objectified in Disney movies by the way they are dressed. Also some of the men that are attracted to them are attracted to the women characters because of their beauty. For example in beauty and the beast, Gaston (a man who wants to marry Belle) wants to marry her because she is beautiful. Although, Belle loves to read books the only thing Gaston sees in her is her features. - Saysellemarie. "Walt Disney: The Magical World of Objectification". 3 Oct 2011. 2 February 2014.
Pathos: "Disney is poisoning the minds of children just as the hag poisoned Snow White." -Parents do not like to hear that their children are being 'poisoned' by something. Parents want to protect their children from all harm and teach them to do good. By using the word 'poisoned' parents might respond by not letting their kids watch Disney movies because it is bad for them. -"Disney movies objectify many groups." PHSNewsOnline.com. Web. 13 Oct. 2011.
Ethos: "Carole Heldman PHD, a prominent feminist blogger on sexual objectification in society has a pretty powerful answer to this question. On her blog she writes.."
“Women who grow up in a culture with widespread sexual objectification tend to view themselves as objects of desire for others. This internalized sexual objectification has been linked to problems with mental health (e.g., clinical depression, “habitual body monitoring”), eating disorders, body shame, self-worth and life satisfaction, cognitive functioning, motor functioning, sexual dysfunction, access to leadership, and political efficacy. Women of all ethnicities internalize objectification, as do men to a far lesser extent." -Girls are taught that they have to act and look a certain way because of society, but Disney has also contributed to this. Majority of little girls dream of being and looking like the princesses and being beautiful so that someone can save them. -Moran, Bernard. "The Disease of Sexual Objectification: Inside a society that turns women into things." Educoup.com. Web. 20 April. 2013.
Thesis: Throughout the years media has pointed fingers at women for wearing provocative clothing and drinking excessively therefore putting themselves in situations that call for rape. No one is ever asking to be raped regardless of their clothing, behavior, previous sexual history, or alcohol consumption. There are more factors in the cause of rape, but the blame is always on the perpetuator.
Logos: Reasoning from consequences: “If it were true that the fashion of the day was the reason for the rape of women - then how could it be that rape exists in countries where women are not dressing according to western fashions,” -Women who are not dressing according to western fashions are raped, therefore clothing is not a factor of whether a woman is more likely to get raped or not.
Reasoning from examples: “An 18-year old girl is picked up by her married 45-year old driving instructor for her very first lesson. He takes her to an isolated road, pulls her out of the car, wrestles her out of one leg of her jeans and forcefully rapes her. Threatened with death if she tells anyone, he makes her drive the car home. Later that night she tells her parents, and they help and support her to press charges. The perpetrator gets arrested and is prosecuted. He is convicted of rape and sentenced to jail. He appeals the sentence. The case makes it’s all the way to the Italian Supreme Court. Within a matter of days the case against the driving instructor is overturned, dismissed, and the perpetrator released. In a statement by the Chief Judge, he argued, ‘because the victim wore very, very tight jeans, she had to help him remove them, and by removing the jeans it was no longer rape but consensual sex,” (denimdayusa). "History." Denim Day USA. Denim Day in USA, n.d. Web. 02 Feb. 2014. . Reasoning from authority:
“Amir also found that more than half the rapes took place on the weekends with Saturday being the peak day. Again almost half were committed between 8:00 P.M. and 2:00 A.M. Further, approximately 71% of the rapes were planned. The choice of victim was often left to chance and circumstance, but the rapist set out to rape someone. Planning is even more prevalent in pair or gang rapes,” (Yale).
Cohen, Marcia, and Sherrie H. McKenna. "81.03.06: Rape: Psychology, Prevention and Impact." 81.03.06: Rape: Psychology, Prevention and Impact. Yale, n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2014. . Pathos: “I was put in the same room as six to eight guys all standing around, one was even eating chicken.’ Her rapist was standing immediately to her right in the tiny, cramped room. ‘I had been told to point to the man who raped me. But he was so close to me I couldn’t –I would have touched him.’ Instead, she walked back out, closed the door and told the officer the attacker was the first man on the right. ‘I was told I had failed to identify him because I hadn’t pointed. I was really freaked out, my first instinct was to run out.” "Rape: A Survivor’s Story." Rape: A Survivor’s Story. Turks & Caicos Weekly News Online, n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2014. . Counterarguments: “Girls should be very careful about what they wear and at what time they move out in city,"Mirje said. ‘Their body language should not invite attention of the potential rapists lurking around in the streets." (Global Post). "It's the Woman's Fault for Getting Raped, Says Female Indian Politician." GlobalPost. Global Post, 29 Jan. 2014. Web. 01 Feb. 2014. .
Thesis: Obama health care should not pass because it will cause a decrease in job and job salary. Further on it would cause a burden to those people who do not need it and are now forced to buy it. However those who will be mostly affected by this law would be the seniors because they will be facing higher Medicare cost. Many senior will experience a reduction in their Medicare Advantage benefit or even lose their existing plan. Reasoning from consequence: Barrack Obama should not pass the Obama Health Care because it will cause a decrease in job. Mr Clark says he is “very careful with the threshold”. To keep his full-time workforce below the magic number of 50, he is relying more on part-timers. He is not alone. More than one in ten firms surveyed by Mercer, a consultancy—and one in five retail and hospitality companies—say they will cut workers’ hours because of Obamacare. A hundred part-timers can flip as many burgers as 50 full-timers, and the former will soon be much cheaper. This show how many owner are letting go of their worker in order to not pay for their worker insurance. Reasoning from comparison: In the graph it shows how in 2010 (before Obama health Care past) many people had jobs although not everyone had health insurance. However once Obama health care past in 2014 there were a decrease in job. Many people lost their job. Reasoning from example: For example at my mom job mom job many people were let off because the owner did not want to pay their health insurance. Many people prefer to have their job even thought they don’t have their insurance. Ethos: many people don’t want to buy the health insurance however they are forced to buy now and even though they can afford it. This will cause a lot of economic problem. For example a family of 5, will be forced to buy five insurance. Although Obama state said that it will benefit the economy and their life style however at what cause.
Thesis: Same sex couples should be allowed to adopt a baby and are suitable to raise the child as well as straight couples
LOGOS
A study published by the American Sociological Review found that the adopted children of gay couples grow into well-adjusted individuals. The study found that there were no differences in the personalities between children raised by gay couples and those raised by heterosexual couples. The children of gay couples are no more likely to identify as homosexuals than the children of heterosexual couples. A major argument that prevent gay couples the option to adopt is that the child they raise will be put at risk of becoming gay but the child is no more likely to become gay as if he were raised by a mom and dad.
Logos from Consequence
By letting same sex couples to adopt a baby they are giving a child the opportunity to live in a loving home instead of living in an adoption home or foster care. It is proven that after the age of 6, if a child is not adopted then the child will appear less desirable to a straight couple looking to adopt. Gay couples are more likely to adopt a child that is older than 6 more often then straight couples/ Not allowing gay couples to adopt will cause there to be more children living in adoption homes.
Logos Statistics
Raising a child in a two-parent environment has been shown to positively affect the child's growth and development. A study published by the Child Trends Data Bank found that children of two-parent families are more likely to exhibit behavioral self control than those living in a one-parent household. The two-parent child is statistically more likely to score higher marks throughout his education and display less behavioral problems. An argument against gay couples raising a child is that they do not have the characteristics to raise a child. But single parents raise children all of the time and it is proven that having two parents leads to a child growing up healthier and happier.
Pathos It is morally wrong to deny two human being who love each other the option to have a child for their own. The fact that the couple is gay should not be the deciding factor for enabling them to adopt a child. Not allowing gay couples to adopt is like not allowing a couple with a woman that is unable to carry a baby adopt. This woman is not able to create her own baby so she must not be qualified to raise a child eithe
Thesis: Nuclear power is not a feasible long-term replacement for fossil fuels.
Logos from... Consequence: If the number of nuclear power plants is increased, there are greater odds of at least one of the plants becoming damaged in some way, resulting in radioactive waste poisoning nearby lands. Statistics: At the current rates of usage, the world's currently-known primary uranium supplies will run dry in about 80 years. To put this into perspective, global fossil fuel reserves of petroleum, natural gas, and coal will be depleted in an estimated 98, 166, and 230 years (respectively).
Pathos: Damage to nuclear facilities cause large-scale damage to surrounding areas, and can take decades to return to normal. In 2011, for example, the world's second largest nuclear disaster occurred when a tsunami overwhelmed the seawalls of a nuclear power plant in Fukushima, Japan and the facility began releasing radioactive material. This incident resulted in hundreds of families being displaced from their homes; radiated wildlife, such as butterfly in nearby areas and tuna in the surrounding seas; and the spillage of radioactive waters into the Pacific Ocean.
Thesis: A difference in religion can lead to conflict such as war,
Logos from consequence: Studies show that a difference in religion can lead to violence especially in territory that are known as “holy lands” If two religions with conflicting ideas are in close proximity and are attempting to occupy the holy land they are bound to use violence as a “last resort.” A large number of wars such as the crusades also many genocides have been influenced by a difference in faith. Pathos: Many deaths have been justified by claiming that the killing was demanded by a higher being. For example, Islamic extremist often resort to terrorism in order to send their messages. In the act of terrorism civilians are killed. The extremist exclaim that it had to be done and that it is justified by their religious beliefs.
LOGOS
ReplyDeleteReasoning from consequences- If children watch too much TV they are keeping themselves from academic achievements.
Reasoning from comparisons- "Students in the top 5% of their class read 144 times more than students in the bottom 5%". (Preddy, 2007). Students who read more than watch TV do exceptionally better in school than those who watch TV or neglect their school work.
Preddy. "TV Smarter." TV Smarter. Whitedotboard.com, 2010. Web. 30 Jan. 2014. .
Reasoning from example- As a senior who has consumed more TV than I care to admit , I am personally worried that it has affected me especially after what I have read from research. I have done well in school, but could I have done better if I had put a limit on TV ?
Reasoning from statistics- For the adults who consume an excessive amount of TV without exercising or taking part in a conductive activity, consequences are worse. "Every additional two hours people spend glued to the tube on a typical day, their risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases by 20% and their risk of heart disease increases by 15%"
Gardner, Amanda. "TV Watching Raises Risk of Health Problems, Dying Young." CNN. Cable News Network, 14 June 2011. Web. 30 Jan. 2014. .
PATHOS
Imagine a parent dying after being a couch potato and their child discovering them on the couch after having a heart attack (too much?). Most may say he shouldn't have watched so much TV and have no type of active life. But what about the child who left to college who couldn't help that their father was like that? Their now left to conduct duties they didn't imagine doing at that time. What's even more unfortunate is that this scenario is possible. It's possible because "people over 65 average 48 hours a week, or nearly seven hours a day" (Hinckley).
Hinckley, David. "Americans Spend 34 Hours a Week Watching TV, according to Nielsen Numbers ." NY Daily News. Nydailynew.com, 19 Sept. 2012. Web. 29 Jan. 2014. .
ETHOS
According to Nadra Nittle, an Black American woman author who writes about the issues of race,minorities spend 4 and half more hours watching TV than their white counterparts. This could be why the amount of whites admitted to universities is the highest.
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ReplyDeleteLogos
ReplyDeleteReasoning from consequences:
“Another common criticism is that as a form of reverse discrimination, affirmative action keeps societies aware of the barriers that divide it and actually perpetuates alienation and resentment between ethnically diverse groups, thus increasing rather than reducing racial tension,”(History).
-White Americans are negatively impacted by affirmative action. Affirmative action was created to "level the ground" for minorities because minorities come from disadvantageous backgrounds. However, that is an erroneous assumption. Not all minorities are at disadvantages, just as all whites have unlimited resources to succeed academically. Low income whites face discrimination because they face challenges due to lack of resources, but are not awarded if they excel in school because they are part of the majority, so they do not contribute much diversity. The consequence of affirmative action is reversed discrimination.
Logos cause-effect
“Students admitted on this basis are often ill-equipped to handle the schools to which they've been admitted,” (Balanced).
• If students are admitted to colleges based on race instead of merit, there is no assurance that those students have the skills needed to succeed in the school.
Pathos
“Because of affirmative action, a minority may beat out someone more capable for a job or school, simply because of race or gender,” (Affirmative).
• People who truly have the qualifications for a school might not be accepted because his/her spot was given to someone based merely on race.
"History and Debate of Affirmative Action." Affirmative Action Debate. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.
"BalancedPolitics.org." - Affirmative Action (Pros & Cons, Arguments For and Against, Advantages & Disadvantages). N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2014.
"Affirmative Action Pros and Cons." Do Something. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.
In the United States there are 85.4 million mothers and only 5 million decide to become stay at home mothers. The rest of the 80.4 million mothers have to turn to the 75,396 childcare centers across the country in order to help mothers “juggle motherhood and careers”
ReplyDeleteUnited States Census Bureau http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/cb12-ff08.html
This is ethos authority because the website is a government website and gains the audience’s trust. Now they are able to believe what I am going to tell them. This supports my argument because I am able to show the amount of mothers depriving the children the right to spend time with their mothers.
Mothers who stay at home are best for the children. “Attatchment theory” authors like Donald Winnicott and John Bowly are psychologists who believe that attachment to the mother is “essential to normal social and emotional development in the child”. If a mother stays at home they will be able to create a strong loving bond with the children to ensure that they know when the child is happy and feeling sad. When the child grows up, the housemother will be able to know when their child is tardy, absent, and notice problems. They also will be involved in child’s activities in school- PTA meeting, sports events, field trips etc.
Patterson, Child development-This is logos reasoning from authority because I have evidence form experts, which in this case are the psychologists. This affects my credibility positively. It is logos because I logically explain the outcomes that will come out of a good and healthy relationship between a mother who stays at home and takes care of her children since a young age.
Bowlby and King, 'Fifty Years of Attachment Theory: Recollections of Donald Winnicott and John Bowlby.'
Reasoning from experience logos with feeling- My personal experience * PATHOS
I grew up with a mother who worked for long hours, and I wasn’t able to see her much only on the weekends. I always wanted to spend time with her after work, but she was always tired from all the work she endured at her job. Now that she no longer works I am barely establishing a great connection with her that I wish I had a long time ago.
Counterargument- Usually people believe that family’s need financial support, therefore the mother should work, but childcare is so expensive that financially a mother working is no better. Childcare support systems should be provided by the state to allow mothers to educate their children in their early years.
BBC News, 'Childcare 'may not lessen poverty''
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/3198412.stm
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ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteLogos
ReplyDeleteReasoning from consequences-
If women are allowed to have abortions after the first trimester then the risks of the process being dangerous increase and the baby may feel pain.
Reasoning from comparison- Boya Nandini (19) of Vidyadharapuram died allegedly after consuming pregnancy-termination capsules brought by her boyfriend.
Reasoning from example-A 13-year-old girl was a victim of incest by her uncle who had lived with the family for six months. By the time the girl's mother discovered her pregnancy, she was 17 weeks along. Her quiet demeanor, interpreted by her mother as ideal behavior, unfortunately delayed the detection of her pregnancy. We performed her abortion, but the family was understandably deeply shocked by the circumstances of the abortion.—possible counterargument
Between 20 and 24 weeks- This type of abortion takes three days. The third day the doctor uses ultrasound to locate the legs of the fetus he then clamps the legs with the pliers to deliver the baby to the head. Scissors are inserted into the base of the skull to remove brain. Then the fetus is removed.
Reasoning from authority- “As early as eight to ten weeks after conception, and definitely by thirteen-and-a-half weeks, the unborn experiences organic pain…. First, the unborn child's mouth, at eight weeks, then her hands at ten weeks, then her face, arms, and legs at eleven weeks become sensitive to touch. By thirteen-and-a-half weeks, she responds to pain at all levels of her nervous system in an integrated response which cannot be termed a mere reflex. She can now experience pain”
Pathos
With sonograms, or visual images produced from an ultrasound examination, neonatologists and nurses are able to see unborn babies react physically to outside stimuli such as sound, light and touch. Surgeons entering the womb to perform corrective procedures on the tiny unborn babies have seen them flinch, jerk and recoil from sharp objects and incisions.
Ethos
Joan Bengtson, M.D., is assistant professor of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive biology at Harvard Medical School and a member of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproduction at Brigham and Women's Hospital.
During an abortion the uterine contents are removed through the vaginal canal and the abdominal cavity is undisturbed. However, if there is a complication such as perforation of the uterus or pelvic infection, adhesions affecting the intestines may occur.
Parker, Willie. "Late-Term Abortions Should Not Be Banned." Are Abortion Rights Threatened? Ed. Tamara L. Roleff. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2013. At Issue. Rpt. from "A Perspective on Later Abortion ... From Someone Who Does Them." Conscience 33.1 (Spring 2012). Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 31 Jan. 2014.
Logos
ReplyDeleteReasoning from consequences: If Americans believed what the president and government said then there can be evidence that can prove them wrong.
Reasoning from authority: “Mylroie has an impressive array of credentials that certify her as an expert on the Middle East, national security, and, above all, Iraq. She has held faculty positions at Harvard and the U.S. Naval War College and worked at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, as well as serving as an advisor on Iraq to the 1992 Clinton presidential campaign.”
Reasoning for example: " However, the most comprehensive criminal investigation in history—involving chasing down 500,000 leads and interviewing 175,000 people—has turned up no evidence of Iraq's involvement, while the occupation of Iraq by a substantial American army has also uncovered no such link.”
Pathos
The lives of many Middle Eastern families and people were greatly affected by these accusations that can be proven to be right or wrong. It created a mass hysteria in America which leads to almost a sense of phobia against Middle Eastern people in: buildings, and areas of transportation.
Bergen, Peter. "Claims That Iraq Was a Terrorist Threat Are Unfounded." War. Ed. John Woodward. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2006. Current Controversies. Rpt. from "Armchair Provocateur." Washington Monthly (Dec. 2003). Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 31 Jan. 2014.
Thesis:
ReplyDeleteDue to overseas outsourcing American Companies are increasing their profit, while on the homefront the unemployment rate is increasing. American companies the participate in overseas outsourcing should make jobs available locally to help fix today’s economy.
Logos:
Reasoning from Authority -
"to outsource range from better-serving overseas markets to increasing the competitiveness of American business"(Weidenbaum). Companies in developed tend to outsource overseas because of costs. Companies in want to pay their employees as little as possible. Through outsourcing overseas to mainly underdeveloped countries companies are able to maintain financial stability.
Weidenbaum,Mary. Sciencedirect. July 2005. 30 Jan2014 [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007681304001260]
Reasoning From Statistics - “outsourcing customer service is associated with a drop of roughly 1% to 5% in a company's market capitalization,”(Whitaker,Krishnan, and Fornell). Major Companies look to outsourcing as a way to gain more money, but may actually end up losing money depending on the industry their in. Keeping the jobs local could create potential customers and can even fix the economy.
WHITAKER,JONATHAN, M.S. KRISHNAN, AND CLAES FORNELL. The Wall Street Journal. 13 Sept. 2013. 30 Jan 2014[http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB121441852405104029]
Ethos:
“American Companies send jobs overseas and bring the profits back to the U.S with very little tax liability” (Jilani). Businesses often send jobs overseas in order to gain more profit and pay a small amount of taxes. Instead of these companies helping out the economy. they are mainly looking out for themselves.
JILANI,ZAID.Think Progress.19 APRIL 2011.30 Jan 2014
[http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2011/04/19/159555/us-corporations-outsourced-americans/]
Pathos:
“Today’s Economy has lost over 760,000 jobs”(Obama-Biden). That means that a large amount of Americans are on unemployment, which only provides support for one year. So if that person has not found a job within that timespan, they are left with no funds. What if that person has a family to provide for and can not perform that duty. Due to outsourcing overseas Americans have lost something that this “great” country has promised. A chance at the American Dream.
Obama,Barack, Biden, Joe. 31 Jan 2014. 30 Jan 2014 http://change.gov/agenda/economy_agenda/
Logos from Consequence:
ReplyDeleteBy accepting the idea that there are extra-terrestrial life forms in the universe, we concede with the idea that civilizations are credible. By dismissing this idea, we are saying that the ancient civilizations, more than just one, are simply making up stories to be passed down; in reality they were practically the most advanced during their era.
Logos from Authority:
“Biologist Uvan Ivan Sanderson…called the attention of the world to some gold pre-Columbian artifacts, centuries old, produced by indigenous cultures. According to hi, those were reproductions of jet aircrafts, a conclusion supported by Dr. Arthur Poyslee, of the New York Aeronautic Institute.”
Logos through Statistics:
Though this fact is not as remarkable, the positioning of the three Pyramids of Giza are exactly aligned with the position of the three stars in the belt of Orion, both in position and in size. While it is possible, it would create many difficulties for the Egyptians in terms of measuring huge distances. Not only this, but in fact, at the time that the pyramids were supposedly built (about 3000 BC), the stars that make up the Belt of Orion were not exactly at the correct angle to match up with the pyramids. If the location of the stars is traced back over thousands of years, the time at which the belt is exactly aligned with the pyramids is in fact 10,500 BC.
"Ancient Astronauts Photo Gallery." Ancient Astronauts Photo Gallery. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. .
"Alien Evidence - Egypt." Alien Evidence - Egypt. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2014. .
LOGOS
ReplyDeleteReasoning from consequence-
“The world population has topped 6 billion people and is predicted to double in the next 50 years. Ensuring an adequate food supply for this booming population is going to be a major challenge in the years to come. GM foods promise to meet this need in a number of ways.”
-If GMO foods are banned, how are countries supposed of feed the growing population? As of now, GMO foods have not been proven to be a health risk.
Reasoning from comparisons-
“Brazilian farmers, however, have resorted to smuggling GM soybean seeds into the country because they fear economic harm if they are unable to compete in the global marketplace with other grain-exporting countries.”
-While the U.S does not ban GMO foods, in Brazil they do and it seems like businesses in Brazil do not like that because it puts them in an economic disadvantage globally.
Reasoning from example-
“Billions of people have eaten genetically modified food over the past two decades. Not one problem has been found.”
-Without knowing it, people have been eating GMO foods. If GMO foods weren’t healthy, then why hasn’t a single problem been documented concerning health risks for having eaten a GMO food.
Reasoning from authority, testimony, and statistics-
“Bruce Chassy, a professor emeritus of food science and human nutrition at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, believes that after thousands of research studies and worldwide planting, “genetically modified foods pose no special risks to consumers or the environment” and are overregulated.”
-A professor of a University is a credible and reliable source. He is saying that GMO foods have no health risks for people who consume these genetically modified foods.
ETHOS-
An Iowa State University food science professor, Ruth MacDonald, said there is no science to show that eating modified foods is harmful, so it’ fine to eat them.
PATHOS-
“The world population has reached 6 billion people and is predicted to double in the next 50 years. The more increasing of population will lead to the more requirement of food and also the lack of suitable land for agriculture. Therefore, when the population is growing dramatically like this, many people would die and many children are malnourished because of food shortage. Ensuring an adequate food supply for this booming pollution is going to be a major challenge in the near future. One of the most solution for this problem is the GMF because of it potential in solving world’s hunger and malnutrition. With many kind of products, including potatoes, corn, soybeans, beets, and rice, etc, GMF can replace apart of normal foods.”
"Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful?" Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful? Web. 28 Jan. 2014.
"Do You Agree or Disagree? Genetically Modified Food (Gmf) Should Be a Good Solution to the World's Increasing Population. Use Specific Reasons and Examples to Support Your Answer." StudyMode. Web. 30 Jan. 2014.
Thesis: Becoming vegetarian can seem like a hard transition when meat has become a strict part of our daily American diets. Giving up a cheeseburger or chicken nuggets, has now become easier and maybe even the key to living a longer life.
ReplyDeleteLogos:
People report that when they adopt a vegetarian diet, their range of foods explodes from a center-of-the-plate meat item to a range of grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables that they didn't even know existed.
It is true, vegetarians eat just that. Veggies are a big part of a vegetarian diet. Although vegetarian do not eat any type of meat, including fish and white meat there are many recipes that can accommodate vegetarian diets. Many restaurants now, even have vegetarian menus. Becoming vegetarian does not mean that you do not eat all of “the good foods”.
"Top Ten Reasons To Go Vegetarian." Alternet. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan.
Ethos:
"No chemical carcinogen is nearly so important in causing human cancer as animal protein."
One of the main reasons that people refrain from becoming a vegetarian is because they think they are going to miss out on a main source of protein; meat. Now, becoming vegetarian is not just eating vegetables all day. There are different sources of protein that can be even more healthy that meat. For example, tofu or beans.
"Top Ten Reasons To Go Vegetarian." Alternet. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan.
Pathos:
Ten billion animals are slaughtered for human consumption each year. And, unlike the farms of yesteryear where animals roamed freely, today most animals are factory farmed: —crammed into cages where they can barely move and fed a diet tainted with pesticides and antibiotics. These animals spend their entire lives in crates or stalls so small that they can’’t even turn around. Farmed animals are not protected from cruelty under the law——in fact, the majority of state anticruelty laws specifically exempt farm animals from basic humane protection.
It is not in everyones nature to care deeply about animals because they do not carry the same status as “humans”. However, taking into consideration the inhumane situations they are in, we can reconsider what we eat. If it is not ethical to eat domestic pets, how does a cow or a pig differ?
"Why Go Vegetarian or Vegan? | Vegetarian Times." Vegetarian Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2014.
Logos:
ReplyDelete"Moreover, what happened to common sense and personal responsibility in this country? After all, cable and satellite boxes, personal computers, and Internet connections didn’t just magically appear in our homes; we put them there! Once we voluntarily bring these devices into our homes we shouldn’t ask government to assume the bulk of the responsibility for then minding our children."
It is obvious that we, consumers, bought our own television. Some people want the government to have the power to censor what is shown on television but really, it is our decision since we bought it. We knew that this would be a consequence, so essentially we have the power whether we want to be expose to certain things shown on television or not.
Thierer, Adam. Cato Institute. 29 March 2004. Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial. 31 January 2014.
Ethos:
"It's a tough year for network censors struggling to keep up with the hippie culture's profusion of drug slang. Ed Sullivan requests that The Doors change the lyric "Girl, we couldn't get much higher," since it sounds suspiciously like a drug reference."
CNN has written an article about the history of censorship and how even back in the sixties, censorship on television was really the same as now. Jim Morrison was told to please change the word "higher" to "stronger," but of course he did not listen and so that made a legendary remark on why we should not censor television; honestly, what child would be watching the sullivan show?
N.P. CNN.com. 1 Aug 2007. CNN. 31 Jan 2014.
Pathos:
"I think it’s only natural for our first reaction to possibly be that we assume there would automatically be constant f-words and racial slurs, marathons of pornography, and live assassinations and other types of violent, bloody viewings of people losing their lives."
This explains the fears of parents and what the parents fear if the censorship was to be taken out. However, they are all exaggerated fears because there are certain things television cannot show. Plus, again, parents should have the authority to control what they believe is right for their child to be exposed to.
Shell, Nick. Parents. 23 Sept 2012. N.P. 31 January 2014
Logos:
ReplyDelete"That the ideal female beauty comes in the European package of white skin, rosie cheeks, and small facial features. That all women feature the”coke bottle” figure. If you look closely at the classic female characters you will see them in the cast as the damsel in distress, barely clothed, and always searching for “prince charming”. These animated films perpetuate the notion to all young girls that they must be sexy, weak, and married."
-It is apparent that women are objectified in Disney movies by the way they are dressed. Also some of the men that are attracted to them are attracted to the women characters because of their beauty. For example in beauty and the beast, Gaston (a man who wants to marry Belle) wants to marry her because she is beautiful. Although, Belle loves to read books the only thing Gaston sees in her is her features.
- Saysellemarie. "Walt Disney: The Magical World of Objectification". 3 Oct 2011. 2 February 2014.
Pathos: "Disney is poisoning the minds of children just as the hag poisoned Snow White."
-Parents do not like to hear that their children are being 'poisoned' by something. Parents want to protect their children from all harm and teach them to do good. By using the word 'poisoned' parents might respond by not letting their kids watch Disney movies because it is bad for them.
-"Disney movies objectify many groups." PHSNewsOnline.com. Web. 13 Oct. 2011.
Ethos: "Carole Heldman PHD, a prominent feminist blogger on sexual objectification in society has a pretty powerful answer to this question. On her blog she writes.."
“Women who grow up in a culture with widespread sexual objectification tend to view themselves as objects of desire for others. This internalized sexual objectification has been linked to problems with mental health (e.g., clinical depression, “habitual body monitoring”), eating disorders, body shame, self-worth and life satisfaction, cognitive functioning, motor functioning, sexual dysfunction, access to leadership, and political efficacy. Women of all ethnicities internalize objectification, as do men to a far lesser extent."
-Girls are taught that they have to act and look a certain way because of society, but Disney has also contributed to this. Majority of little girls dream of being and looking like the princesses and being beautiful so that someone can save them.
-Moran, Bernard. "The Disease of Sexual Objectification: Inside a society that turns women into things." Educoup.com. Web. 20 April. 2013.
Thesis: Throughout the years media has pointed fingers at women for wearing provocative clothing and drinking excessively therefore putting themselves in situations that call for rape. No one is ever asking to be raped regardless of their clothing, behavior, previous sexual history, or alcohol consumption. There are more factors in the cause of rape, but the blame is always on the perpetuator.
ReplyDeleteLogos:
Reasoning from consequences:
“If it were true that the fashion of the day was the reason for the rape of women - then how could it be that rape exists in countries where women are not dressing according to western fashions,”
-Women who are not dressing according to western fashions are raped, therefore clothing is not a factor of whether a woman is more likely to get raped or not.
Reasoning from examples:
“An 18-year old girl is picked up by her married 45-year old driving instructor for her very first lesson. He takes her to an isolated road, pulls her out of the car, wrestles her out of one leg of her jeans and forcefully rapes her. Threatened with death if she tells anyone, he makes her drive the car home. Later that night she tells her parents, and they help and support her to press charges. The perpetrator gets arrested and is prosecuted. He is convicted of rape and sentenced to jail. He appeals the sentence. The case makes it’s all the way to the Italian Supreme Court. Within a matter of days the case against the driving instructor is overturned, dismissed, and the perpetrator released. In a statement by the Chief Judge, he argued, ‘because the victim wore very, very tight jeans, she had to help him remove them, and by removing the jeans it was no longer rape but consensual sex,” (denimdayusa).
"History." Denim Day USA. Denim Day in USA, n.d. Web. 02 Feb. 2014.
.
Reasoning from authority:
“Amir also found that more than half the rapes took place on the weekends with Saturday being the peak day. Again almost half were committed between 8:00 P.M. and 2:00 A.M. Further, approximately 71% of the rapes were planned. The choice of victim was often left to chance and circumstance, but the rapist set out to rape someone. Planning is even more prevalent in pair or gang rapes,” (Yale).
Cohen, Marcia, and Sherrie H. McKenna. "81.03.06: Rape: Psychology, Prevention and Impact." 81.03.06: Rape: Psychology, Prevention and Impact. Yale, n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2014. .
Pathos:
“I was put in the same room as six to eight guys all standing around, one was even eating chicken.’
Her rapist was standing immediately to her right in the tiny, cramped room.
‘I had been told to point to the man who raped me. But he was so close to me I couldn’t –I would have
touched him.’
Instead, she walked back out, closed the door and told the officer the attacker was the first man on the right.
‘I was told I had failed to identify him because I hadn’t pointed. I was really freaked out, my first instinct was to run out.”
"Rape: A Survivor’s Story." Rape: A Survivor’s Story. Turks & Caicos Weekly News Online, n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2014. .
Counterarguments:
“Girls should be very careful about what they wear and at what time they move out in city,"Mirje said. ‘Their body language should not invite attention of the potential rapists lurking around in the streets." (Global Post).
"It's the Woman's Fault for Getting Raped, Says Female Indian Politician." GlobalPost. Global Post, 29 Jan. 2014. Web. 01 Feb. 2014. .
Thesis: Obama health care should not pass because it will cause a decrease in job and job salary. Further on it would cause a burden to those people who do not need it and are now forced to buy it. However those who will be mostly affected by this law would be the seniors because they will be facing higher Medicare cost. Many senior will experience a reduction in their Medicare Advantage benefit or even lose their existing plan.
ReplyDeleteReasoning from consequence: Barrack Obama should not pass the Obama Health Care because it will cause a decrease in job. Mr Clark says he is “very careful with the threshold”. To keep his full-time workforce below the magic number of 50, he is relying more on part-timers. He is not alone. More than one in ten firms surveyed by Mercer, a consultancy—and one in five retail and hospitality companies—say they will cut workers’ hours because of Obamacare. A hundred part-timers can flip as many burgers as 50 full-timers, and the former will soon be much cheaper. This show how many owner are letting go of their worker in order to not pay for their worker insurance.
Reasoning from comparison: In the graph it shows how in 2010 (before Obama health Care past) many people had jobs although not everyone had health insurance. However once Obama health care past in 2014 there were a decrease in job. Many people lost their job.
Reasoning from example: For example at my mom job mom job many people were let off because the owner did not want to pay their health insurance. Many people prefer to have their job even thought they don’t have their insurance.
Ethos: many people don’t want to buy the health insurance however they are forced to buy now and even though they can afford it. This will cause a lot of economic problem. For example a family of 5, will be forced to buy five insurance. Although Obama state said that it will benefit the economy and their life style however at what cause.
Thesis: Same sex couples should be allowed to adopt a baby and are suitable to raise the child as well as straight couples
ReplyDeleteLOGOS
A study published by the American Sociological Review found that the adopted children of gay couples grow into well-adjusted individuals. The study found that there were no differences in the personalities between children raised by gay couples and those raised by heterosexual couples. The children of gay couples are no more likely to identify as homosexuals than the children of heterosexual couples.
A major argument that prevent gay couples the option to adopt is that the child they raise will be put at risk of becoming gay but the child is no more likely to become gay as if he were raised by a mom and dad.
Logos from Consequence
By letting same sex couples to adopt a baby they are giving a child the opportunity to live in a loving home instead of living in an adoption home or foster care. It is proven that after the age of 6, if a child is not adopted then the child will appear less desirable to a straight couple looking to adopt. Gay couples are more likely to adopt a child that is older than 6 more often then straight couples/ Not allowing gay couples to adopt will cause there to be more children living in adoption homes.
Logos Statistics
Raising a child in a two-parent environment has been shown to positively affect the child's growth and development. A study published by the Child Trends Data Bank found that children of two-parent families are more likely to exhibit behavioral self control than those living in a one-parent household. The two-parent child is statistically more likely to score higher marks throughout his education and display less behavioral problems.
An argument against gay couples raising a child is that they do not have the characteristics to raise a child. But single parents raise children all of the time and it is proven that having two parents leads to a child growing up healthier and happier.
Pathos
It is morally wrong to deny two human being who love each other the option to have a child for their own. The fact that the couple is gay should not be the deciding factor for enabling them to adopt a child. Not allowing gay couples to adopt is like not allowing a couple with a woman that is unable to carry a baby adopt. This woman is not able to create her own baby so she must not be qualified to raise a child eithe
Thesis: Nuclear power is not a feasible long-term replacement for fossil fuels.
ReplyDeleteLogos from...
Consequence: If the number of nuclear power plants is increased, there are greater odds of at least one of the plants becoming damaged in some way, resulting in radioactive waste poisoning nearby lands.
Statistics: At the current rates of usage, the world's currently-known primary uranium supplies will run dry in about 80 years. To put this into perspective, global fossil fuel reserves of petroleum, natural gas, and coal will be depleted in an estimated 98, 166, and 230 years (respectively).
Pathos:
Damage to nuclear facilities cause large-scale damage to surrounding areas, and can take decades to return to normal. In 2011, for example, the world's second largest nuclear disaster occurred when a tsunami overwhelmed the seawalls of a nuclear power plant in Fukushima, Japan and the facility began releasing radioactive material. This incident resulted in hundreds of families being displaced from their homes; radiated wildlife, such as butterfly in nearby areas and tuna in the surrounding seas; and the spillage of radioactive waters into the Pacific Ocean.
Thesis: A difference in religion can lead to conflict such as war,
ReplyDeleteLogos from consequence: Studies show that a difference in religion can lead to violence especially in territory that are known as “holy lands” If two religions with conflicting ideas are in close proximity and are attempting to occupy the holy land they are bound to use violence as a “last resort.” A large number of wars such as the crusades also many genocides have been influenced by a difference in faith.
Pathos: Many deaths have been justified by claiming that the killing was demanded by a higher being. For example, Islamic extremist often resort to terrorism in order to send their messages. In the act of terrorism civilians are killed. The extremist exclaim that it had to be done and that it is justified by their religious beliefs.